## NAME

          pscoupe - Plot cross-sections of focal mechanisms.

## SYNOPSIS

          pscoupe files -Jparameters -Rwest/east/south/north
           -Aparameters
          [ -Btickinfo ]  [ -Ffill ] [ -Gfill ] [ -H ] [ -K ] [ -Lpen ] [-M] [ -N
          ] [ -O ] [ -P ] [-S<symbol><scale>[/d]] [s<symbol><size>[/d]] [ -Tn ] [
          -U[label] ] [ -V ] [ -Wpen ] [ -Xx-shift ] [ -Yy-shift ] [ -Z<cpt> ]
          [-a<size> [P_symbol>[T_symbol]] [-gfill] [-efill] [-ppen] [-tpen] [ -:
          ] [ -#copies ]

## DESCRIPTION

          pscoupe reads data values from files [or standard input] and generates
          PostScript code that will plot symbols, lines or polygons on a cross-
          section.  Focal mechanisms  may be specified and require additional
          columns of data.  The PostScript code is written to standard output.

          files list one or more file-names. If no files are given, pscoupe will
          read standard input.

          A new file is created with the new coordinates (x, y) and the
          mechamism (from lower focal half-sphere for horizontal plane, to
          half-sphere behind a vertical plane).  When the plane is not
          horizontal, - north direction becomes upwards steepest descent
          direction of the plane (u) - east direction becomes strike direction
          of the plane (s) - down direction (= north^east) becomes u^s
          Axis angles are defined in the same way as in horizontal plane in the
          new system.
          Moment tensor (initially in r, t, f system that is up, south, east) is
          defined in (-u^s, -u, s) system.  A  file  is created with extracted
          events.

          -J Selects the map projection.  Scale is user_unit/km, 1:xxxxx. or
          width in user_unit (upper case modifier).

          NON-GEOGRAPHICAL PROJECTIONS: -Jxx-scale[/fI/y-scale] x-scale must be
          positive and y-scale negative to plot depth downwards.

          -Rwest/east/south/north. South and north are <= 0.; If frame is
          defined from cross-section parameters (see -A) this option is not
          taken into account, but must be present.

          -A selects the cross-section.
          -Aalon1/lat1/lon2/lat2/dip/p_width/dmin/dmax[f]
          lon and lat are the longitude and latitude of points 1 and 2 limiting
          the length ot the cross-section.
          dip is the dip of the plane on which the cross-section is made.
          p_width is the width of the cross-section on each side of a vertical
          plane or above and under an oblic plane.
          dmin and dmax are the distances min and max from horizontal plane,
          along steepest descent direction.
          Add f to get the frame from the cross-section parameters.
          -Ablon1/lat1/strike/p_length/dip/p_width/dmin/dmax[f]
          lon1 and lat1 are the longitude and latitude of the beginning of the
          cross-section.
          strike is the azimut of the direction of the cross-section.
          p_length is the length along which the cross-section is made.
          The other parameters are the same as for -Aa option.
          -Acx1/y1/x2/y2/dip/p_width/dmin/dmax[f]
          The same as -Aa option with x and y cartesian coordinates.
          -Adx1/y1/strike/p_length/dip/p_width/dmin/dmax[f]
          The same as -Ab option with x and y cartesian coordinates.

          -S selects the meaning of the columns in the data file and the figure
          to be plotted.
          -Sascale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]. Focal mechanisms in Aki and Richard
          convention.
          scale adjusts the scaling of the radius of the "beach ball", which
          will be proportional to the magnitude.  Scale is the size for
          magnitude = 5. in MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m, or p is appended to
          indicate that the size information is in units of cm, inch, meter, or
          point, respectively).  Use the -T option to render the beach ball
          transparent by drawing only the nodal planes and the circumference.
          The color or shade of the compressive quadrants can be specified with
          the -G option.  The color or shade
           of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E option.
          Parameters are expected to be in the following columns:

          1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-:

          3: depth of event in kilometers

          4,5,6: strike, dip and rake

          7: magnitude

          8,9: not used; can be 0

          10: text string to appear above

               -Scscale. Focal mechanisms in Harvard CMT convention.
               scale adjusts the scaling of the radius of the "beach ball",
               which will be proportional to the magnitude. Scale is the size
               for magnitude = 5 (that is M0 = 4E+23 dynes-cm.) in MEASURE_UNIT
               (unless c, i, m, or p is appended to indicate that the size
               information is in units of cm, inch, meter, or point,
               respectively).  Use the -T option to render the beach ball
               transparent by drawing only the nodal planes and the
               circumference. The color or shade of the compressive quadrants
               can be specified with the -G option.  The color or shade
                of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E option.

               Parameters are expected to be in the following columns:

          1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-:

          3: depth of event in kilometers

          4,5,6: strike, dip, and slip of

          7,8,9: strike, dip, and slip of

          10,11: mantissa and exponent of moment

          12,13: not used; can be 0

          14: text string to appear above

               -Spscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]. Focal mechanisms given with
               partial data on both planes.  scale adjusts the scaling of the
               radius of the "beach ball", which will be proportional to the
               magnitude.  Scale is the size for magnitude = 5. in MEASURE_UNIT
               (unless c, i, m, or p is appended to indicate that the size
               information is in units of cm, inch, meter, or point,
               respectively).  The color or shade of the compressive quadrants
               can be specified with the -G option.  The color or shade
                of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E option.
               Parameters are expected to be in the following columns:

          1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-:

          3: depth

          4,5: strike, dip of plane 1

          6: strike of plane 2

          7: must be -1/+1 for a

          8: magnitude

          9,10: not used; can be 0

          11: text string to appear above

               -Smscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]. Seismic moment tensor. scale ad
               justs the scaling of the radius of the "beachball", which will be
               proportional to the magnitude. Scale is the size for magnitude =
               5 (that is seismic scalar moment = 4E+23 dynes-cm.) in
               MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m, or p is appended to indicate that
               the size information is in units of cm, inch, meter, or point,
               respectively).  (-T0 option overlays best double couple
               transparently.) Put -Sdscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot the
               only double couple part of moment tensor.  Put
               -Szscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot anisotropic part of
               moment tensor (zero trace).  The color or shade of the
               compressive quadrants can be specified with the -G option.  The
               color or shade
                of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E option.
               Parameters are expected to be in the following columns

          1,2  longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)

          3    depth of event in kilometers

          4,5,6,7,8,9
               mrr, mtt, mff, mrt, mrf, mtf in 10*exponent dynes-cm

          10   exponent

          11,12
               Not used; can be 0 0; it is to use the same file as for psmeca.

          13   Text string to appear above the beach ball (default) or under
               (add u).

               -Sxscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]. principal axis. scale adjusts
               the scaling of the radius of the "beachball", which will be
               proportional to the magnitude. Scale is the size for magnitude =
               5 (that is seismic scalar moment = 4*10e+23 dynes-cm.) in
               MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m, or p is appended to indicate that
               the size information is in units of cm, inch, meter, or point,
               respectively).  (-T0 option overlays best double couple
               transparently.) Put -Syscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot the
               only double couple part of moment tensor.  Put
               -Stscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot anisotropic part of
               moment tensor (zero trace).  The color or shade of the
               compressive quadrants can be specified with the -G option.  The
               color or shade
                of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E option.
               Parameters are expected to be in the following columns

          1,2  longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)

          3    depth of event in kilometers

          4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12
               value (in 10*exponent dynes-cm), azimuth, plunge of T, N, P axis.

          13   exponent

          14,15
               latitude,longitude at which to place beach ball. Entries in these
               columns are necessary with the -C option.  Using 0,0 in columns 9
               and 10 will plot the beach ball at the latitude, longitude given
               in columns 1 and 2.  The -: option will interchange the order of
               columns (1,2) and (9,10).

          16   Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).

               -ssymbol[size[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] selects symbol instead of
               mechanism.
                Choose between the following : (c) circle, (d) diamond, (i)
               itriangle, (s) square, (t) triangle, (x) cross.  Parameters are
               expected to be in the following columns

          1,2  longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)

          3    depth of event in kilometers

          4    Text string to appear above the beach ball (default) or under
               (add u).
               If size must be read, size must be in column 4 and Text string
               starts in column 5.
               scaleR is the symbol size in MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m, or p
               is appended to indicate that the size information is in units of
               cm, inch, meter, or point, respectively).

               OPTIONS
               No space between the option flag and the associated arguments.

               -B sets map boundary tickmark intervals. See psbasemap for
               details.

               -Efill Selects filling of extensive quadrants. Usually white.
               Set the shade (0255) or color (r/g/b) [Default is 255/255/255].

               -G selects filling of focal mechanisms. By convention, the
               compressional quadrants are shaded.  Set the shade (0-255) or
               color (r/g/b) [Default is 0/0/0].  Optionally, specify
               -Gpicon_size/pattern, where pattern gives the number of the image
               pattern (1-32) OR the name of a icon-format file.  icon_size sets
               the unit size in inches.  To invert black and white pixels, use
               -GP instead of -Gp.  See pspatterns for information on individual
               patterns.

               -H Input file(s) has n Header record(s). Number of header records
               can be changed by editing your .gmtdefaults file.  If used, GMT-
               SYSTEM default is 1 header record.

               -K Means more PostScript code will be appended later. [Default
               terminates the plot system]

               -L Draws the "beach ball" outline using current pen (see -W) or
               sets pen attributes..
               -M
                Same size for any magnitude.

               -N Does NOT skip symbols that fall outside map border [Default
               plots points inside border only].

               -O Selects Overlay plot mode. [Default initializes a new plot
               system]

               -P Selects Portrait plotting mode. [Default is Landscape]

               -T[num_of_plane] Plots the nodal planes and outline the bubble
               which is transparent.
                     default num_of_plane is 0 : both nodal planes are plotted;
                     num_of_plane equal      1 : the only first nodal plane is
               plotted;
                     num_of_plane equal      2 : the only second nodal plane is
               plotted;

               -U Draws Unix System time stamp on plot. Append c to plot the
               command line or a text string of your choice.

               -V reports the name of the current file being plotted (Verbose
               mode).

               -W set pen attributes for text string or default pen attribute
               for fault plane edges.
                [Defaults: width = 1, color = 0/0/0, texture = solid].

               -X -Y shifts origin of plot by (x-shift,y-shift) user_unit
               [Default is (1,1) inch or (2.5,2.5) cm for new plots, (0,0) for
               overlays].

               -Zcptfile Give a color palette file and let compressive part
               color be determined by the z-value in the third column.

               -a[axis_symbol_size[P_axis_symbol[T_axis_symbol]]]
               Computes and plots P and T axis.  - axis_symbol_size in user unit
               [default is 0.2 cm or 0.08 inches].
               - default P and T axis symbols is 'c'
               Choose between the following : (c) circle, (d) diamond, (h)
               hexagon, (i) inverse triangle, (p)point, (s) square, (t)
               triangle, (x) cross.

               -efill Selects filling of T axis symbol.  Set the shade (0255) or
               color (r/g/b) [Default is color of extensive parts.

               -gfill Selects filling of P axis symbol.  Set the shade (0255) or
               color (r/g/b) [Default is color of compressive parts.

               -p[pen] Draws the P axis outline using current pen (see -W), or
               sets pen attributes.
               sp.  -t[pen] Draws the T axis outline using current pen (see -W),
               or sets pen attributes.

               -: toggles between (longitude,latitude) and (latitude,longitude)
               input/output.  [Default is (longitude,latitude)]

               -c specifies the number of plot copies. [Default is 1]

               SEE ALSO
               gmtsystem, psbasemap, psxy, psmeca

               REFERENCES
               Wessel P. and W.H.F. Smith, 1992, The GMT-SYSTEM.
               Bomford, G., Geodesy, 4th ed., Oxford University Press, 1980.
               Aki, K. and P. Richards, Quantitative Seismolgy, Freeman, 1980.
               F. A. Dahlen and Jeoren Trom, Theoretical Seismology, Princeton,
               1998, p.167.  Definition of scalar moment.
               Cliff Frohlich, Cliff'Nodes Concerning Plotting Nodal Lines for
               P, Sh and Sv
               Seismological Reasearch Letters, Volume 67, Number 1, January-
               February, 1996
               Thorne Lay, Terry C. Wallace, Modern Global Seismology, Academic
               Press, 1995, p.384.
               W.H. Press, S.A. Teukolsky, W.T. Vetterling, B.P. Flannery,
               Numerical Recipes in C, Cambridge University press (routine
               jacobi)

               AUTHOR
               Genevieve Patau
               CNRS UMR 7580
               Seismology Dept.
               Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
               (patau@ipgp.jussieu.fr)