þtext
===============================================================================
emxrt.doc    emx 0.9d FIX 02     USER'S GUIDE TO THE EMX RUNTIME    15-Jun-1999
===============================================================================
                                     Copyright (c) 1990-1999 by Eberhard Mattes
þendtext


þtitle User's Guide to the emx Runtime

þformat bold emx emxbind emxstack emxupd emxuzdll termcap rsx

þformat tty emx.exe emxl.exe emxbind.exe emx.dll emxio.dll emxwrap.dll
þformat tty emxload.exe emxstack.exe emxrt.doc rsx.exe emxfpemu emxrt.zip
þformat tty \emx\dll \emx\bin config.sys emxlibc.dll emxlibcm.dll emxlibcs.dll
þformat tty cmd.exe emxrev
þformat tty SET \emx\bin\emx.exe autoexec.bat termcap.dat himem.sys
þformat tty unzip.exe
þformat tty vdisk.sys SIGKILL SIGABRT abort() .dll LIBPATH BREAK=ON
þformat tty DosKillThread select()

þformat syntax -c -d -e -E -f -h# -K -m1 -m2 -m3 -n -o -O -p -q -x
þformat syntax -r* -s<size> -t -t* -u<size> -v -I -V -X <size>
þformat syntax <source_file> <target_path> <old_file> <zip_file> <dll_dir>

þformat abbrev etc.


þif text
þh= Table of Contents
þtoc
þendif


þh1 Introduction to the User's Guide to the emx Runtime
þipf
:font facename=Helv size=24x14.:hp2.User's Guide to the emx Runtime
:ehp2.
:p.
:font facename=Helv size=16x10.      Copyright (c) 1990-1996 by Eberhard Mattes
:font facename=default size=0x0.
:p.
þendipf

  This is the documentation for the emx runtime package.  The emx
  runtime is an environment for 32-bit programs under OS/2 2.x, OS/2
  3.x (OS/2, in short), MS-DOS, and PC-DOS (DOS, in short) on machines
  with a 386 CPU (or one of its successors).

þif text

  Under OS/2, you can view the þtt{.inf} version of this document by
  typing

þexample
view \emx\book\emxrt
þendexample

  If you add þtt{\emx\book} to the BOOKSHELF environment variable, you
  can type

þexample
view emxrt
þendexample

  to view that on-line book.

þendif

þipfminitoc

þh2 Hardware requirements
þlabel Hardware requirements

  emx requires an 80386 CPU (80386DX, 80386SX, i486, or later)

þh2 Files included in the emx runtime package
þlabel Files included in the emx runtime package

  The emx runtime package includes the following files:

þverbatim
  \emx\bin\emx.exe              emx runtime for DOS
  \emx\bin\emxbind.exe          Tool for modifying emx programs (DOS and OS/2)
  \emx\bin\emxfpemu             Emulator for numeric coprocessor (DOS)
  \emx\bin\emxl.exe             emx loader (used by emxbind)
  \emx\bin\emxload.exe          Server for keeping OS/2 programs in memory
  \emx\bin\emxrev.cmd           Tool for displaying emx revisions (OS/2)
  \emx\bin\emxstack.exe         Tool for fixing the stack size of old programs
  \emx\bin\emxupd.exe           Tool for updating a DLL which is in use
  \emx\bin\emxuzdll.cmd         Unpack DLLs and install them with emxupd.exe
  \emx\book\emxrt.inf           The text you are looking at (VIEW version)
  \emx\dll\emx.dll              emx runtime for OS/2
  \emx\dll\emxio.dll            Hardware port I/O under OS/2
  \emx\dll\emxlibc.dll          Forwarder DLL to emxlibcm.dll (OS/2)
  \emx\dll\emxlibcm.dll         Multithread C library (OS/2)
  \emx\dll\emxlibcs.dll         Single-thread C library (OS/2)
  \emx\dll\emxwrap.dll          Interface to 16-bit OS/2 functions (OS/2)
  \emx\doc\COPYING              GNU General Public License
  \emx\doc\COPYING.EMX          emx copyright information
  \emx\doc\emxrt.doc            The text you are looking at (text version)
  \emx\etc\termcap.dat          Terminal data base for termcap-based programs
  \emx\etc\emclibcm.map         Map file for emxlibcm.dll
  \emx\etc\emclibcm.tdf         Trace definition file for emxlibm.dll
  \emx\etc\emclibcs.map         Map file for emxlibcs.dll
  \emx\etc\emclibcs.tdf         Trace definition file for emxlibs.dll
  \emx\etc\trc00f8.tff          Trace format file for emxlibcs.dll
  \emx\etc\trc00f9.tff          Trace format file for emxlibcm.dll
þendverbatim

  The þtt{.map}, þtt{.tdf}, and þtt{.tff} files are used for
  debugging.  They are included in emxrt.zip to keep them in sync with
  the DLLs.

þh1 License

  emx is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
  the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
  Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later
  version.

  emx is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
  or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public
  License for more details.

  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  along with emx; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the
  Free Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
  Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.

  See þtt{\emx\doc\COPYING.EMX} and þtt{\emx\doc\COPYING} for details.

  Please note that source code for parts of the contents of
  þtt{emxrt.zip} is contained in þtt{emxfix02.zip}.

þh1 Installing the emx runtime package under OS/2

þipfminitoc

þh2 Summary for impatient OS/2 users
þlabel Summary for impatient OS/2 users


þenumerate

þitem

  If you are using Siegfried Hanisch's ScreenSaver, either upgrade to
  version 2.6 or disable ScreenSaver

þitem

  Add \emx\dll to LIBPATH (always use the latest copy of the .dll files!)

þitem

  Add \emx\bin to PATH

þitem

  Reboot

þendenumerate


þh2 Detailed instructions for OS/2 users
þlabel Detailed instructions for OS/2 users
þlabel LIBPATH

  emx does not work with OS/2 1.x and in DOS mode of OS/2.

  Before changing config.sys, make a backup copy of that file!

  emx 0.9c and later breaks some versions of Siegfried Hanisch's
  ScreenSaver.  Either upgrade to version 2.6 or disable ScreenSaver
  before installing emx 0.9c or later.  Otherwise, your system will
  freeze.

  The emx runtime is implemented as a set of dynamic link libraries
  under OS/2:

þdescription
þitem emx.dll

    emx run-time support for OS/2

þitem emxio.dll

    access to hardware ports for emx programs under OS/2

þitem emxlibc.dll

    forwarder DLL to emxlibcm.dll for existing applications that use
    emxlibc.dll (which has been renamed to emxlibcm.dll)

þitem emxlibcm.dll

    multithread emx C library

þitem emxlibcs.dll

    single-thread emx C library

þitem emxwrap.dll

    32-bit wrappers for 16-bit OS/2 API functions

þenddescription

  OS/2 looks for dynamic link libraries in the directories listed in
  the LIBPATH statement of your config.sys file.  Note that LIBPATH is
  not an environment variable!

  At any time, at most one version of a dynamic link library is
  loaded.  If there are different versions of a dynamic link library
  in the directories listed in the LIBPATH statement, the first one
  listed is loaded.  If you already have installed the emx dynamic
  link libraries, you should be careful to use the latest revision of
  those dynamic link libraries.  Newer emx dynamic link libraries work
  with older emx programs (however, you may have to apply
  þhpt{emxstack}), but newer emx programs don't work with older emx
  dynamic link libraries.  To find out about already installed emx
  dynamic link libraries, type

þexample
cd \emx\bin
emxrev
þendexample

  If no emx dynamic link libraries are installed, no output is
  produced.  If there are emx dynamic link libraries installed, the
  names and revision numbers are displayed, for instance

þexample
EMX : revision = 30
EMXIO : revision = 30
EMXLIBC : revision = 30
EMXLIBCM : revision = 30
EMXLIBCS : revision = 30
EMXWRAP : revision = 30
þendexample

  Only directories listed in the LIBPATH statement are searched.  To
  find out the revision numbers of the dynamic link libraries of this
  package, type

þexample
emxrev -d c:\emx\dll
þendexample

  if you have put the emx runtime package on drive C.  After running
  emxrev, you should quit the command processor by typing

þexample
exit
þendexample

  to release the dynamic link libraries (they have been loaded by
  cmd.exe as emxrev is a REXX procedure).  Otherwise, you cannot
  rename, overwrite, or delete those files.  This also happens if one
  of the emx dynamic link libraries is currently used by a program.
  If you get error message þtt{SYS0032}, or the message

þexample
error:  cannot create emx/dll/emx.dll
þendexample

  from þtt{unzip} when unpacking emxrt.zip, use

þexample
pstat /L
þendexample

  to find out about the dynamic link libraries used by the programs
  currently running.  Terminate all the programs using emx.dll,
  emxio.dll, emxlibc.dll, emxlibcm.dll, emxlibcs.dll, or emxwrap.dll.
  The command

þexample
emxload -qw
þendexample

  will unload programs kept in memory by emxload.exe.

  If that doesn't help, use emxuzdll to install the emx DLLs: Create a
  temporary directory and run emxuzdll in that directory, giving the
  path name of emxrt.zip and the path name of the emx DLL directory on
  the command line:

þexample
mkdir \emxtmp
chdir \emxtmp
emxuzdll a:\emxrt.zip c:\emx\dll
chdir ..
rmdir emxtmp
þendexample

  This will replace the DLLs in þtt{c:\emx\dll} with the DLLs in
  emxrt.zip even if the DLLs are in use.  The new versions of the DLLs
  become active as soon as the last process referencing them is
  terminated, or on the next reboot.  Therefore, you should reboot
  after running emxuzdll, otherwise you won't know if and when the new
  versions become active.  (Actually, you don't need a temporary
  directory, any directory not containing any DLL files will do.)

  Either copy the latest revisions of the emx dynamic link libraries
  (that is, those with the highest revision numbers) to a directory
  directory listed in the LIBPATH statement of config.sys or, better,
  modify the LIBPATH statement to include the directory where the
  latest revisions of the emx dynamic link libraries can be found.

  The directories of the LIBPATH statement are separated by
  semicolons.  To add þtt{c:\emx\dll} to the LIBPATH statement, append
  a semicolon -- if there is not yet a semicolon -- to the end of the
  line of config.sys that starts with

þexample
LIBPATH=
þendexample

  Then, type the absolute name of the directory.  Example:

þexample
LIBPATH=.;C:\OS2\DLL;C:\OS2\MDOS;C:\;C:\OS2\APPS\DLL;D:\EMX\DLL
þendexample

  Optionally, you can append a semicolon at the end.

  Next, modify the line of config.sys starting with

þexample
SET PATH=
þendexample

  to include the \emx\bin directory.  For instance, change

þexample
SET PATH=C:\OS2;C:\OS2\SYSTEM;C:\OS2\MDOS\WINOS2;C:\OS2\INSTALL;
C:\;C:\OS2\MDOS;C:\OS2\APPS
þendexample

  to

þexample
SET PATH=C:\OS2;C:\OS2\SYSTEM;C:\OS2\MDOS\WINOS2;C:\OS2\INSTALL;
C:\;C:\OS2\MDOS;C:\OS2\APPS;D:\EMX\BIN
þendexample

  As with LIBPATH, you have to put a semicolon between the path names
  and a trailing semicolon is optional.  Note that the last two
  examples are shown in two lines; in config.sys, however, the
  complete SET statement must be put into one line.

  You might want to add þtt{\emx\book} to the BOOKSHELF environment
  variable to simplify viewing the on-line documentation.  For
  instance, change the line

þexample
SET BOOKSHELF=C:\OS2\BOOK;
þendexample

  of your config.sys file to

þexample
SET BOOKSHELF=C:\OS2\BOOK;C:\EMX\BOOK
þendexample

  as with PATH, you have to put a semicolon between the path names
  and a trailing semicolon is optional.

  Now, you should reboot to activate the changes to config.sys.  After
  booting, run

þexample
emxrev
þendexample

  to verify that the latest revision of emx is now active.

  If OS/2 says

þexample
SYS1804: The system cannot find the file EMX.
þendexample

  when running an emx program, you have not correctly set the LIBPATH
  statement of config.sys.  See above for details.

  When running an old program (which assumes that emx.dll creates a
  stack object if the stack size is too small), you will get an error
  message like

þexample
emx.dll: Stack size too small.  Run
  emxstack -f D:\BIN\PROGRAM.EXE
and try again.
þendexample

  Run þhpt{emxstack} as indicated by the error message to fix the
  stack size of the program.  If you can't (because you don't have
  write permission for the file), type

þexample
set emxopt=-I
þendexample

  to make emx.dll ignore the problem.  However, the program will
  probably crash due to insufficient stack size.  Using the -I option
  is not recommended!

þh1 Installing the emx runtime package under DOS

þipfminitoc

þh2 Summary for impatient DOS users
þlabel Summary for impatient DOS users

þenumerate
þitem

  Add \emx\bin to PATH or set EMX to point to \emx\bin\emx.exe

þitem

  If you are using a memory manager which implements DPMI, enable VCPI

þitem

  Remove BREAK=ON from config.sys

þitem

  Reboot

þendenumerate


þh2 Detailed instructions for DOS users
þlabel Detailed instructions for DOS users

  emx programs for DOS come in two flavours: those which load emx.exe
  from a separate file and those which have the emx runtime emx.exe
  integrated in the executable file of the application program.

  Before changing autoexec.bat and config.sys, make a backup copy of
  these files!

  If you want to use a program which loads emx.exe, you have to put
  emx.exe into a directory which is listed in your PATH environment
  variable or you have to change the PATH environment variable (in
  autoexec.bat) to include the directory in which emx.exe can be
  found.  For instance, if your autoexec.bat file contains the line

þexample
path c:\dos;d:\bin
þendexample

  you have installed the emx runtime on drive D, you should modify
  that line to read

þexample
path c:\dos;d:\bin;d:\emx\bin
þendexample

  You have to put a semicolon between the path names.

  Alternatively, you can set an environment variable which directly
  points to the emx.exe executable.  If you use this method, your
  program can locate emx.exe more quickly.  If you have installed the
  emx runtime on drive D:, you should add the following line to your
  autoexec.bat file:

þexample
set emx=d:\emx\bin\emx.exe
þendexample

  Note that a directory name is not sufficient -- you have to type the
  complete path name of the emx.exe file.

  Programs of the second flavour, having emx.exe integrated, don't
  require \emx\bin added to the PATH environment variable or the EMX
  environment variable being set.  The program itself, however, may
  need changes to your autoexec.bat file.  See the documentation
  accompanying the program.  The following steps are required for both
  flavours of emx programs.

  If you are using a memory manager (such as QEMM or EMM386 or 386max)
  which implements DPMI (DOS Protected Mode Interface), you have to
  change the invokation of that memory manager to enable VCPI as emx
  does not support DPMI.  See the documentation of your memory for
  details.  If your memory manager supports DPMI only (without VCPI),
  you have to remove or disable the memory manager.  Alternatively,
  you can use þhpt{rsx}, as indicated in section þref{rsx}.  emx
  supports XMS and VCPI.

  Examine your config.sys file: If there is a line

þexample
BREAK=ON
þendexample

  in it, you should remove it as it causes trouble with emx and lots
  of other programs.

  If and only if you are using an `Intel Inboard 386/PC' expansion
  board in your 8088-based PC, add the following line to autoexec.bat
  (it's very unlikely that you are using such an expansion board):

þexample
set emxopt=-m3
þendexample

  If the swap file (used to swap memory pages to disk when running out
  of physical memory) should be in a specific directory or on a
  specific disk drive, set the EMXTMP environment variable in
  autoexec.bat.  Example:

þexample
set emxtmp=c:\tmp
þendexample

  Now, you should reboot to activate the changes to config.sys and
  autoexec.bat.


þh1 Environment variables (OS/2 and DOS)

  The operation of emx and emx programs is controlled by several
  environment variables.  You might have to set one or more of the
  following environment variables:

þdescription
þitem INIT

    used by termcap to find termcap.dat

þitem TERM

    used by termcap to define the terminal type

þitem EMXETC

    used by termcap to find termcap.dat

þitem EMXOPT

    emx options (see below)

þitem EMXSHELL

    overrides the COMSPEC environment variable.  You can use this to
    run an alternate command processor (shell) from emx programs

þitem EMXPATH

    search path for programs (usually not relevant)

þitem PATH

    search path for program (used if EMXPATH fails)

þitem TERMCAP

    used by termcap to find termcap.dat

þitem TZ

    selects the timezone

þenddescription

þipfminitoc

þh2 Setting the TZ environment variable

    The TZ environment variable controls how to compute Coordinated
    Universal Time (UTC aka GMT) from local time.  (Note that under
    Unix, TZ is used for computing local time from UTC as UTC is used
    for the system clock under Unix; under OS/2 and DOS, local time is
    used for the system clock.)

    The value of TZ has the following format:

þindent
    þsy{<TZ1>[<OFF>,[<TZ2>[,<SM>,<SW>,<SD>,<ST>,<EM>,<EW>,<ED>,<ET>,<SHIFT>]]]}
þendindent

    þsy{<TZ1>} is the three-letter name of the standard timezone.

    þsy{<OFF>} is the offset to Coordinated Universal Time; positive
    values are to the west of the Prime Meridian, negative values are
    to the east of the Prime Meridian.  The offset can be specified as
    hours, hours and minutes, or hours, minutes, and seconds.  Hours,
    minutes, and seconds are separated by colons.  If þsy{<OFF>} is
    not specified, an offset of 0 will be used (this may change in the
    future).

    þsy{<TZ2>} is the three-letter name of the summer timezone
    (daylight saving time).  If þsy{<TZ2>} is not specified, daylight
    saving time does not apply.  If þsy{<TZ2>} is specified, daylight
    saving time does apply; the remainder of the TZ's value specifies
    when and how to change to and back from daylight saving time.
    þsy{<SM>} through þsy{<ST>} define, in current local time, when to
    switch from standard time to daylight saving time, þsy{<EM>}
    through þsy{<ET>} define, in current local time, when to switch
    from daylight saving time to standard time.  (On the southern
    hemisphere, the end date precedes the start date.)  þsy{<SHIFT>} is
    the amount of change in seconds.

    þsy{<SM>} specifies the month (1 through 12) of the change.
    þsy{<SW>} specifies the week of the change; if this value is zero,
    þsy{<SD>} specifies the day of month (1 through 31).  If þsy{<SW>}
    is positive (1 through 4), the change occurs on weekday þsy{<SD>}
    (0=Sunday through 6=Saturday) of the þsy{<SW>}th week of the
    specified month.  The first week of a month starts on the first
    Sunday of the month.  If þsy{<SW>} is negative (-1 through -4),
    the change occurs on weekday þsy{<SD>} (0=Sunday through
    6=Saturday) of the -þsy{<SW>}th week of the specified month,
    counted from the end of the month (that is, -1 specifies the last
    week of the month).  The last week of a month starts on the last
    Sunday of the month.  þsy{<ST>} specifies the time of the change,
    in seconds.  Note that þsy{<ST>} is specified in local standard
    time and þsy{<ET>} is specified in local daylight saving time.
    Example:

þexample
CET-1CED,3,-1,0,7200,10,-1,0,10800,3600
þendexample

    In this example, the name of the standard time zone is þtt{CET},
    the name of the summer time zone is CED.  Daylight saving time
    starts at 2:00 on the last Sunday of March and ends at 3:00 on the
    last Sunday of October.  Time changes by one hour in daylight
    saving time.

    If no characters follow þsy{<TZ2>}, the rule
    `þtt{,4,1,0,3600,10,-1,0,7200,3600}' will be used: Daylight saving
    time starts at 1:00 on the first Sunday of April and ends at 2:00
    on the last Sunday of October.  Time changes by one hour in
    daylight saving time.

þh2 Environment variables (DOS)
þlabel Environment variables (DOS)

þdescription
þitem EMX

    path name of emx.exe, used by programs which are bound with
    emxl.exe (the emx loader) instead of emx.exe.  Set EMX to speed up
    loading of emx.exe or to load a specific version of emx.exe

þitem EMXTMP

    directory for the swap file

þitem TMP

    used if EMXTMP is not set

þenddescription


þh1 DOS Notes

þipfminitoc

þh2 General notes

þitemize
þitem

  emx requires DOS 3.0 or later

þitem

  emx does not support DPMI

þitem

  emx does not support DESQview without VCPI (use QEMM-386 with DESQview)

þitem

  If emx doesn't work under DESQview (especially if it displays the
  message

þexample
Nonmaskable interrupt (NMI)
þendexample

  either set the protection level to 0 or use the þtt{WATCHDOG=0}
  option of QEMM-386.

þitem

  emx supports VCPI

þitem

  emx supports XMS.  Do not use emx with himem.sys 2.06 or earlier.

þitem

  emx checks for XMS version number 2.00 or later and for XMS driver
  revision 2.06 or later, as older himem.sys drivers don't work
  correctly.  You can override this check by using the þhpt{-O} emx
  option (for drivers using a different revision numbering scheme),
  but emx may not work with your XMS driver, anyway.  Actually, emx
  has not been tested with himem.sys 2.05; 2.04 fails, 2.06 works.

þitem

  emx supports vdisk.sys 3.3 and later and most other RAM disk drivers

þitem

  emx uses (or tries to use) all available memory, whether
  conventional, extended, or expanded memory.  If there isn't enough
  memory, emx will swap to disk.  The swap file will be created in the
  directory given by the EMXTMP environment variable.  If EMXTMP is
  not set, TMP will be used.  If both variables are not set, the swap
  file will be created in the root directory of the current drive.

þitem

  If a program uses floating point instructions and no numeric
  coprocessor (387) is installed, emx tries to load the FPU (floating
  point unit) emulator emxfpemu.  That file is first sought in the
  directory from which emx.exe was loaded (this does not apply if
  emx.exe is bound to the executable), then in the current working
  directory and the directories listed in the EMXPATH and PATH
  environment variables.  If emxfpemu cannot be found, the program
  will be aborted by signal SIGFPE.

þenditemize


þh2 Emergency exit

  If the computer freezes while running emx, try hitting Ctrl-Break
  five times in one scond.  That will terminate emx (and all emx
  processes run by that instance of emx) unless it is blocked in a DOS
  call.  If blocked in a DOS call, emx will terminate after return
  from that DOS call.


þh2 Using rsx instead of emx
þlabel rsx

  rsx is a DPMI-compliant DOS extender which is more or less
  compatible to emx.  Moreover, rsx contains a floating point
  emulator.  rsx is free software and has been written by Rainer
  Schnittker.  As of this writing, rsx is assumed to be available for
  anonymous ftp as

þexample
ftp.uni-bielefeld.de: /pub/systems/msdos/misc/rsx510.zip
ftp.leo.org:          /pub/comp/os/os2/leo/gnu/emx+gcc/contrib/rsx510.zip
þendexample

  If the emx loader emxl.exe finds a DPMI server but no VCPI server,
  it tries to run rsx.exe instead of emx.exe.  The RSX environment
  variable will be used instead of the EMX environment variable for
  locating rsx.exe.

  To load rsx.exe instead of emx.exe even if there is a DPMI server
  and a VCPI server (for instance if you need the floating point
  emulation of rsx), set the EMX environment variable to point to
  rsx.exe.  Note that rsx needs a DPMI server.

þh1 emx options

  You can customize emx by setting the EMXOPT environment variable.
  This environment variable contains a list of options, similar to
  command line options.  The options must be separated by at least one
  blank.  Example:

þexample
set emxopt=-c -h40
þendexample

þipfminitoc

þh2 emx options (OS/2)
þlabel emx options (OS/2)

þdescription
þitem -c

    Disable core dumps caused by signals and exceptions

þitem -h#

    Set OS/2 file handle limit to þsy{#}.  The number þsy{#} must be
    between 10 and 65536

þitem -n

    Suppress popups for exceptions.  As emx.dll displays an
    appropriate error message and dumps core, popups are not required

þitem -q

    All command line arguments passed to child processes will be
    quoted unconditionally, that is, wildcard expansion and response
    files won't work in child processes of processes for which the -q
    option is in effect

þitem -r*

    Prepend drive letter þsy{*} to absolute path names.  If a path
    name starts with þtt{/} but does not start with þtt{//},
    þtt{/dev/} or þtt{/pipe/}, þsy{*} followed by a colon will be
    prepended.  If þsy{-rd} has been given, the file name
    þtt{\mydir\abc} will be translated to þtt{d:\mydir\abc}.  Note:
    this option can cause unexpected effects

þitem -t*

    Truncate file names to 8.3 format.  Each part of a pathname is
    truncated to 8.3 format by taking the first 8 characters before
    the dot and the first 3 characters after the dot.  This is useful
    to compile programs on a FAT filesystem with minimal changes.

    Without argument, -t enables truncation on all drives and for UNC
    pathnames.

    The -t option takes an optional argument, listing the names of the
    drives on which file names should be truncated.  The special drive
    name `þtt{/}' controls whether to truncate UNC pathnames.  With
    `þtt{-tc/}', for instance, file names on drive C and UNC pathnames
    will be truncated.

    If the argument of the -t option is `þtt{-}', truncation is
    disabled for all drives and for UNC pathnames.  This is the
    default setting.  If the argument starts with `þtt{-}', truncation
    is disabled on all drives listed.  With `þtt{-t -t-d}', for instance,
    UNC pathnames and file names on all drives except
    drive D will be truncated.

þitem -x

    Don't suppress wildcard expansion and response files if the `MKS
    Korn shell' method of passing command line arguments is used

þitem -E

    Run debuggee in same session (window) as debugger

þitem -I

    Don't complain about programs having too small a stack size.
    Without the -I option, emx.dll displays an error message for those
    programs, telling how to run þhpt{emxstack} to fix the stack size.
    With the -I option, the program is run despite of the problem.
    However, the program will probably crash due to insufficient stack
    size.  Using the -I option is not recommended!

þitem -K

    Don't use DosKillThread.  Due to bugs in OS/2, DosKillThread may
    cause problems.  emx.dll automatically avoids using DosKillThread
    for OS/2 2.1 and older.  For OS/2 2.11 and later, you can use the
    -K option to disable usage of DosKillThread.  Currently,
    DosKillThread is not used by emx.dll and this option does not have
    any effect.

þenddescription


þh2 emx options (DOS)
þlabel emx options (DOS)

þdescription

þitem -c

    Disable core dumps caused by signals and exceptions

þitem -d

    Don't use extended memory

þitem -e

    Redirect the standard error handle (2) to standard output (1)

þitem -h#

    Set DOS file handle limit to þsy{#}.  The number þsy{#} must be
    between 10 and 65536.  This option is ignored for DOS versions
    earlier than 3.30.  This option does not change the emx limit for
    the number of files per process -- that limit is always 40

þitem -m1

    Running on Fujitsu FMR70 (not implemented yet)

þitem -m2

    Running on NEC PC-98 (not implemented yet)

þitem -m3

    Running on Intel Inboard 386/PC

þitem -o

    Send the register dump of an exception to stdout.  Without -o, the
    register dump is sent to the CON device.  You need -o for
    redirecting the register dump to a file.

    emx now creates a core dump file (named `þtt{core}') instead of a
    register dump.  Please keep that file in case the author of the
    program needs it for debugging.

þitem -q

    All command line arguments passed to child processes will be
    quoted unconditionally, that is, wildcard expansion and response
    files won't work in child processes of processes for which the -q
    option is in effect

þitem -r*

    Prepend drive letter þsy{*} to absolute path names.  If a path
    name starts with þtt{/} but does not start with þtt{//},
    þtt{/dev/} or þtt{/pipe/}, þsy{*} followed by a colon will be
    prepended.  If þsy{-rd} has been given, the file name
    þtt{\mydir\abc} will be translated to þtt{d:\mydir\abc}.  Note:
    this option can cause unexpected effects

þitem -t*

    Truncate file names to 8.3 format.  Each part of a pathname is
    truncated to 8.3 format by taking the first 8 characters before
    the dot and the first 3 characters after the dot.  This is useful
    to compile programs on a FAT filesystem with minimal changes.

    Without argument, -t enables truncation on all drives and for UNC
    pathnames.

    The -t option takes an optional argument, listing the names of the
    drives on which file names should be truncated.  The special drive
    name `þtt{/}' controls whether to truncate UNC pathnames.  With
    `þtt{-tc/}', for instance, file names on drive C and UNC pathnames
    will be truncated.

    If the argument of the -t option is `þtt{-}', truncation is
    disabled for all drives and for UNC pathnames.  This is the
    default setting.  If the argument starts with `þtt{-}', truncation
    is disabled on all drives listed.  With `þtt{-t -t-d}', for instance,
    UNC pathnames and file names on all drives except
    drive D will be truncated.

þitem -E

    Don't check for 387 coprocessor.  Assume no coprocessor is present

þitem -O
þlabel -O

    Override XMS version check.  By default, emx checks for XMS
    version number 2.00 or later and for XMS driver revision 2.06 or
    later, as older himem.sys drivers don't work correctly.  You can
    override this check by giving the -O option (for drivers using a
    different revision numbering scheme), but emx may not work with
    your XMS driver, anyway.  Actually, emx has not been tested with
    himem.sys 2.05; 2.04 fails, 2.06 works

þitem -V

    Display emx version.  On program start, the emx version will be
    displayed

þitem -X

    Disable usage of XMS memory.  Usage of XMS memory with VCPI is a
    new feature of emx.  If this happens to cause trouble, use the -X
    option.

þenddescription


þh1 The emxstack tool
þlabel emxstack

    The emxstack tool is used for displaying and fixing the stack
    size.  Old programs assume that emx.dll allocates a stack object
    if the stack size is too small.  As emx.dll no longer does this,
    the stack size of the programs must be fixed.

þindent
  þsy{emxstack <command> [<options>] <file>...}
þendindent

    The following commands are available:

þlist

þitem -c

    Check whether the stack size should be fixed.  For each file, if
    the stack size is too small, a message will be displayed.  If the
    stack size is big enough, no message will be displayed.

þitem -d

    Display the stack size.  For each file, the stack size in KByte
    will be displayed.

þitem -f

    Fix the stack size.  For each file, the stack size is fixed if it
    is too small.

þitem -s<size>

    Set the stack size.  For each file, the stack size is set to
    <size> KByte.

þitem -u<size>

    Update the stack size.  For each file, the stack size is set to
    <size> KByte if it less than <size> KByte.  If the stack size is
    not less than <size> KByte, the stack size won't be changed.

þendlist

    The following options are available:

þlist

þitem -p

    Act on all files in the PATH.  The command is applied to each file
    in a directory listed in the PATH environment variable.  No file
    names must be given on the command line.

þitem -q

    Be quiet.  No messages will be displayed.  However, error messages
    won't be suppressed.

þitem -v

    Be verbose.  Display additional messages.

þendlist

    Example:

þexample
emxstack -f *.exe
þendexample


þh1 The emxupd tool
þlabel emxupd

    The emxupd tool can replace (and delete) DLLs which are currently
    in use.  (It can do so for EXE files also.)  The old version of
    the DLL stays in memory and in use for programs which currently
    use it until all applications which use that DLL terminate.  Then,
    the new DLL will be used.  Rebooting also switches to the new DLL.

þipfminitoc

þh2 Replacing a DLL

    To replace a DLL, type

þindent
  þsy{emxupd <source_file> <target_path>}
þendindent

    This command copies <source_file> to the directory or file
    <target_path>.  Examples:

þexample
emxupd c:\tmp\emx.dll c:\emx\dll
þendexample

    This command copies þtt{c:\tmp\emx.dll} to þtt{c:\emx\dll\emx.dll}.

þexample
emxupd abc.dll d:\dll\new.dll
þendexample

    This command copies þtt{abc.dll} to þtt{d:\dll\new.dll}.

þh2 Deleting a DLL

    To delete a DLL, type

þindent
  þsy{emxupd -d <old_file>}
þendindent

    where <old_file> is the path name of the DLL to delete.

þh2 Unpacking DLLs from a ZIP file and installing them with emxupd

    To unpack all DLLs from a ZIP file and install them in a directory
    with emxupd, replacing DLLs even if they are in use, type

þindent
  þsy{emxuzdll <zip_file> <dll_dir>}
þendindent

    where <zip_file> is the path name of the ZIP file to unpack the
    DLLs from and <dll_dir> is the directory where all the DLLs of the
    ZIP file should be put.  emxuzdll can be used only if there are no
    DLL files in the current directory.

þh1 Troubleshooting

    This section shows how to solve common problems involving the emx
    runtime.

þipfminitoc

þh2 Warning message `WARNING: emx 0.9d or later required'

    If this message appears, an out-of-date version of emx.dll is
    active.  Make sure that the latest version of emx.dll is in a
    directory pointed to by the LIBPATH statement in your config.sys
    file.  Use

þexample
emxrev -p c:\config.sys
þendexample

    to list all emx dynamic link libraries reachable by the LIBPATH
    statement of þtt{c:\config.sys} (use the drive letter of your boot
    drive instead of þtt{c:}).  To simplify things, you should keep
    only one version of each DLL.  Older programs work with newer emx
    DLLs, but not vice versa.

þh2 unzip.exe says `cannot create emx/dll/emx.dll'

    This happens when you try to unpack emxrt.zip while a program is
    active which uses emx.dll.  Terminate all programs which use
    emx.dll and try again.  If you run emxrev, the command interpreter
    keeps emx.dll loaded until terminated.  Therefore, you should
    close all OS/2 windows and full-screen sessions in which you have
    run emxrev.  All this also applies to emxlibcm.dll etc.

þh2 emx.dll cannot be deleted, renamed or overwritten

    See the previous problem.

þh2 Error message `SYS1804: The system cannot find the file EMX.'

    You have not correctly set the þhpt{LIBPATH} statement of
    config.sys, therefore emx.dll could not be found.

þh2 Error message `rsx not found, DPMI not supported by emx'

    The current version of emx cannot use DPMI.  Therefore, the loader
    tried to use rsx instead, but couldn't find rsx.  Remedy: install
    þhpt{rsx} or end the DPMI server (MS Windows).

þh2 Error message `emx.dll: Stack size too small...'

    You tried to run an old program (which assumes that emx.dll
    creates a stack object if the stack size is too small).

    Run þhpt{emxstack} as indicated by the error message to fix the
    stack size of the program.  If you can't (because you don't have
    write permission for the file), type

þexample
set emxopt=-I
þendexample

  to make emx.dll ignore the problem.  However, the program will
  probably crash due to insufficient stack size.  Using the -I option
  is not recommended!

þh2 DOS message `Sector not found'

  DOS seems to display that message if a file is opened twice (perhaps
  one handle for reading, one for writing).  For instance, this
  happens when GCC runs out of temporary files.  Look for files named
  like þtt{cca00002}, þtt{ccz00002} etc. (the digits may vary) in your
  temporary directory and delete them.

þh1 emx messages

þipfminitoc

þh2 emx messages (OS/2)

þlist

þitem þtt{core dumped}

    The program cannot continue due to a fatal error (exception).  An
    image of the program's memory has been written to a file named
    `þtt{core}'.  Please keep that file in case the author of the
    program needs it for debugging.

þitem þtt{emx.dll: Stack size too small...}

    You tried to run an old program (which assumes that emx.dll
    creates a stack object if the stack size is too small).  You
    should run þhpt{emxstack} to fix the stack size.

þitem þtt{Invalid option in EMXOPT}

    An option in the EMXOPT environement variable is not understood by
    emx.

þitem þtt{Invalid syscall function code}

    The program run by emx has called an invalid system function.
    Most likely, you're using an emx.dll which is out of date.

þitem þtt{WARNING: emx 0.9d or later required}

    The program requires emx.dll 0.9d or later.  However, an older
    version of emx.dll is active.  Make sure that the latest version
    of emx.dll is in a directory pointed to by the LIBPATH statement
    in your config.sys file.  Use

þexample
emxrev -p c:\config.sys
þendexample

    to list all emx dynamic link libraries reachable by the LIBPATH
    statement of þtt{c:\config.sys} (use the drive letter of your boot
    drive instead of þtt{c:}).  To simplify things, you should keep
    only one version of each DLL.  Older programs work with newer emx
    DLLs, but not vice versa.

þendlist


þh2 emx messages (DOS)

þlist
þitem þtt{Abnormal program termination}

    The program received the SIGABRT signal.  The abort() function was
    called or SIGABRT was raised.

þitem þtt{Bad environment}

    The program name could not be found in the environment segment or
    the environment segment is longer than 32768 bytes.  This should
    not happen in practice.

þitem þtt{Cannot create swap file}

    The swap file could not be created.  Remedy: make sure the swap
    file can be created in the directory given by the EMXTMP (or TMP)
    environment variable.  If EMXTMP and TMP are not set, emx will
    create the swap file in the root directory of the current drive.

þitem þtt{Cannot enable A20}

    emx tried to enable address line A20 and failed.  Remedy: contact
    the author.

þitem þtt{Cannot enable A20 via XMS}

    emx tried to enable address line A20 by calling the XMS driver.
    Unfortunately, A20 couldn't be enabled.  Remedy: unknown.

þitem þtt{Cannot open program file}

    The program file given on the emx command line could not be found
    or opened.  Remedy: type the correct file name.  (This should not
    happen with bound programs.)

þitem þtt{Cannot read program file}

    An error occured while reading the program file.  Remedy: make
    sure the program file given on the emx command line is valid (this
    does not apply to bound programs).  Maybe some other program
    accesses that file.

þitem þtt{core dumped}

    The program cannot continue due to a fatal error (exception).  An
    image of the program's memory has been written to a file named
    `þtt{core}'.  Please keep that file in case the author of the
    program needs it for debugging.

þitem þtt{DPMI not supported}

    The current version of emx cannot use DPMI.  Maybe some future
    version will do.  Remedy: end the DPMI server (MS Windows) or use
    þhpt{rsx}.

þitem þtt{emx not found}

    The emx loader (emxl.exe) failed to find emx.exe.  Make sure that
    emx.exe is in a directory listed in the PATH environment variable.
    Alternatively, you can set the EMX environment variable to the
    complete path name of emx.exe.

þitem þtt{Exception ...}

    The program run by emx tried to do something which is considered
    illegal by the processor or by emx.  Remedy: report to the
    supplier of the program.

þitem þtt{Illegal moucall function}

    The program run by emx has called an invalid system function.
    Remedy: report to the supplier of the program.

þitem þtt{Illegal syscall function}

    The program run by emx has called an invalid system function.
    Remedy: report to the supplier of the program.

þitem þtt{Illegal viocall function}

    The program run by emx has called an invalid system function.
    Remedy: report to the supplier of the program.

þitem þtt{Invalid arguments for DOS function }þsl{xx}

    The program run by emx has used invalid arguments for a system
    function.  Remedy: report to the supplier of the program.

þitem þtt{Invalid emx option}

    An option in EMXOPT or set by emxbind is not understood by emx.
    Remedy: check EMXOPT.  Use þtt{emxbind -i} to display the options
    set by emxbind.

þitem þtt{Invalid program file}

    The program file given on the emx command line (or bound to emx)
    is corrupt.  Remedy: reload the program from diskette.  If this
    doesn't help you should contact the supplier of the program.

þitem þtt{Invalid special function code: }þsl{xx}

    The program run by emx has called an invalid system function.
    Remedy: report to the supplier of the program.

þitem þtt{Linear address space exhausted}

    The program run by emx uses far too much memory.  Remedy: complain
    to the author.

þitem þtt{Nonmaskable interrupt (NMI) at }þsl{xxxx}þtt{:}þsl{yyyyyyyy}

    A nonmaskable interrupt occured.  Maybe this is due to a memory
    error.  Remedy: if you are using DESQview, either set the
    protection level to 0 or use the þtt{WATCHDOG=0} option of
    QEMM-386.  Otherwise, run a program for testing memory.

þitem þtt{Out of memory}

    There isn't enough memory for running emx.  Remedy: remove some
    drivers and/or resident programs.  Or add memory to your machine.

þitem þtt{Out of stacks}

    emx ran out of local stacks.  Remedy: complain to the author.

þitem þtt{Out of memory or swap space}

    emx cannot write to the swap file because the disk is full.
    Remedy: make sure there is enough space on the drive used for the
    swap file.  Use the EMXTMP (or TMP) environment variable to tell
    emx where to create the swap file.  If neither EMXTMP nor TMP is
    set, emx will create the swap file in the root directory of the
    current drive.

þitem þtt{Out of swap space}

    emx cannot write to the swap file because the disk is full.
    Remedy: make sure there is enough space on the drive used for the
    swap file.  Use the EMXTMP (or TMP) environment variable to tell
    emx where to create the swap file.  If neither EMXTMP nor TMP is
    set, emx will create the swap file in the root directory of the
    current drive.

þitem þtt{Process terminated by SIGINT}

    You have stopped the program by hitting Ctrl-C or Ctrl-Break.

þitem þtt{Process terminated by SIG...}

    The program has been stopped due to a signal or exception.
    Usually, this indicates a fatal error in the program.

þitem þtt{Program aborted}

    You have aborted the program by answering `Abort' after a critical
    error had occured.

þitem þtt{rsx not found, DPMI not supported by emx}

    The current version of emx cannot use DPMI.  Therefore, the loader
    tried to use rsx instead, but couldn't find rsx.  Remedy: install
    þhpt{rsx} or end the DPMI server (MS Windows).

þitem þtt{Swap file I/O error}

    emx couldn't read or write the swap file.

þitem þtt{This program does not run in DOS mode of OS/2}

    DOS emulation of OS/2 doesn't support emx.  Remedy: boot DOS or
    run the program in a OS/2 window

þitem þtt{This program requires an 80386 CPU}

    You need an 80386DX, 80386SX, i486 or later CPU for running emx.
    Remedy: get another computer.

þitem þtt{This program requires DOS 3.0 or later}

    If emx is bound with an application program into one executable,
    DOS 3.0 or later is required for execution.

þitem þtt{Too many processes}

    emx supports up to 4 processes.  You tried to start 5 or more
    processes.

þitem þtt{Unexpected interrupt}

    This cannot happen.  Remedy: report to the author.

þitem þtt{Unsupported VDISK.SYS version}

    emx doesn't support the vdisk.sys device driver you are using.
    Remedy: remove VDISK.SYS or use a different version.  emx should
    work with vdisk.sys 3.3 or later.

þitem þtt{Unsupported XMS version}

    emx requires himem.sys 2.06 or later (older versions are too
    buggy).  Remedy: get a newer himem.sys.  If you are not using
    himem.sys, use the þhpt{-O} option of emx and tell the author
    whether this works or not.

þitem þtt{Unusable interrupt vector mappings set by VCPI server}

    The configuration of the VCPI server (EMS driver) is illegal.
    Remedy: read the manual of the EMS driver.

þitem þtt{Use emxbind}

    You tried to run emxl.exe, which doesn't make sense.  emxl.exe is
    designed to be bound into an executable file by emxbind.

þitem þtt{Virtual mode not supported without VCPI}

    A VCPI server is required to run emx if the CPU is in virtual
    mode.  You will get this message if you're using an EMS driver (EMS
    emulator) which doesn't support VCPI or if you have disabled EMS.
    Remedy: remove the EMS driver, use an EMS driver which supports
    VCPI or enable EMS if it has been disabled (for instance, remove
    the þtt{NOEMS} keyword from the command line of the EMS driver).

þitem þtt{Wrong emx version}

    The version of emx.exe does not match the version the program was
    compiled for.  Remedy: use the copy of emx.exe that comes with the
    program.  If you are using different programs which need different
    versions of emx.exe, use the EMX environment variable to set the
    path name of the correct version of emx.exe before running a
    program which requires a version different from the default
    emx.exe.  You can also use þtt{emxbind -u} to put the correct
    version of emx.exe into the executable files.

þendlist


þh1 Obtaining the complete emx package

  emx is available for anonymous ftp on

þexample
ftp.leo.org:          /pub/comp/os/os2/leo/gnu/emx+gcc/
ftp-os2.cdrom.com:    /pub/os2/emx09d/
ftp-os2.nmsu.edu:     /pub/os2/dev/emx/v0.9d/
þendexample


þh1 The author of emx

The author of emx is

þif ipf

þindent
  Eberhard Mattes þbreak
  Teckstraáe 81 þbreak
  D-71696 M”glingen þbreak
  Germany
þendindent

þelse

þexample
Eberhard Mattes
Teckstrasse 81                                      (TeX: Teckstra\ss e)
D-71696 Moeglingen                                  (TeX: M\"oglingen)
Germany
þendexample

þendif

  Internet E-Mail:

þindent
  þtt{mattes@azu.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de}  (subject to change) þbreak
  þtt{mattes@windhager.de}
þendindent

  No telephone calls please!  It must be stressed that the author does
  not reply to letters if you don't include return postage
  (international postal reply coupon if you are outside Germany) and a
  self-addressed envelope.

þtext

--------------------------- END OF EMXRT.DOC --------------------------------
þendtext
