

Program License Agreement for Nota Musica
=========================================

Before using Nota Musica, please read and agree to the following terms
and conditions.  Using the program indicates your acceptance of these
terms and conditions.

Nota Musica is licensed, not sold.  The term Nota Musica refers to
both the original and all whole or partial copies of the Nota Musica
software and its accompanying documentation.

Under this license, you may

- use Nota Musica on only one computer at any one time;

- copy Nota Musica for backup; and

- transfer the possession of Nota Musica to another party.

If you transfer Nota Musica, you must transfer a copy of this license,
all documentation and at least one complete copy of Nota Musica to the
other party.  You may transfer all your other copies of Nota Musica to
the other party, otherwise you must destroy them.  Your license is
terminated as soon as you make the transfer.  The other party agrees
to these terms and conditions by their first use of Nota Musica.

You must reproduce the copyright notice on each copy, or partial copy
of Nota Musica.  You may not:

- use, copy, modify, merge, or transfer copies of Nota Musica except
  as provided in this license;

- reverse assemble or reverse engineer Nota Musica; or

- sublicense, rent, lease, or assign Nota Musica.


Note on the Enclosed TeX Package
================================

The type setting system TeX was developed in 1977 by Donald E.Knuth.
Leslie Lamport programmed and copyrighted the extension LaTeX.
Eberhard Mattes ported the TeX software for use with DOS and OS/2 and
programmed some printer drivers, which he copyrighted.  Eberhard
Mattes' TeX distribution is called emTeX.

Daniel Taupin programmed MusicTeX and lateron MusiXTeX, TeX extensions
which add functionality for printing music to TeX and LaTeX.

Nota Musica is shipped with those parts of emTeX distribution and
MusiXTeX which are necessary for Nota Musica.  If you are interested
in the whole emTeX package, we will send it to you.  You will need to
contact us beforehand and send us a sufficient number of formatted
blank floppy disks.


Note on the UnZip Program
=========================

Nota Musica is packaged on the installation disks using Info-ZIP's
compression utility.  The installation program uses UnZip to read zip
files from the installation disks.  Info-ZIP's software (Zip, UnZip
and related utilities) is free and can be obtained as source code or
executables from various bulletin board services and anonymous-ftp
sites, including CompuServe's IBMPRO forum and
ftp.uu.net:/pub/archiving/zip/*.


Table of Contents
=================

1      Nota Musica
2      Before You Begin
3      Installing Nota Musica
3.1      The Installation - Step by Step
3.2      Directories
3.3      Settings for MusiXTeX
3.3.1      The TeX-Environment
3.3.2      LaTeX
3.3.3      MusiXflx
3.3.4      View
3.3.5      Printer 1 / Printer 2
3.3.6      Graphics
3.3.7      Editor
3.4      External MIDI-Player
3.5      INI-Files and Window Positions
3.6      System Requirements
4      The Nota Musica Program
5      Handling Music Files
5.1      Creating New Music Files
5.2      Loading an Existing Music File
5.3      Saving a Music File
5.4      Saving a Music File under a New Name
5.5      Saving a Music File Automatically
5.6      Importing Music Files from Other Programs
5.6.1      Importing Nota Musica 1.x Files
5.6.2      Importing MIDI Files
5.6.3      Import Using the External MIDI-Player
5.7      Exporting Notes
5.8      Exiting Nota Musica
6      Creating and Managing Pieces
6.1      Creating a New Piece
6.1.1      The Layout Notebook Pages
6.1.2      The Systems Notebook Page
6.2      Creating a Movement
6.3      Creating a Voice
6.4      Deleting Movements and Voices
7      How to Enter Notes
7.1      Graphical Note Editor
7.1.1      Notes and Rests
7.1.2      Clef
7.1.3      Sharps or Flats
7.1.4      Measure
7.1.5      Bar
7.1.6      Tempo
7.1.7      Songtext
7.1.8      An Example of How to Enter Notes
7.1.9      Hotkeys of the Graphic Editor
7.2      Textual Note Editor
7.2.1      Notes and Rests
7.2.2      Clef
7.2.3      Sharps or Flats
7.2.4      Measure
7.2.5      Bar
7.2.6      Speed
7.2.7      Songtext
7.3      The Songtext Editor
7.3.1      Song Text
7.3.2      Verse Text
8      Working with Notes
8.1      Transposing by Octaves
8.2      Transposing by an Interval
8.3      Calculating Bars
8.4      Removing Bars
8.5      Distributing and Removing Songtext
8.6      Splitting a Voice
8.7      Calculating Rests
8.8      Exporting MIDI Files
9      Playing Music Pieces
9.1      The Internal MIDI-Player
9.2      The External MIDI-Player
9.3      Settings Notebook Page
9.4      MIDI-Channels
10     Previewing and Printing the Notes
10.1     Previewing the Notes on the Screen
10.2     Printer Menu Item
10.3     Graphics-Export
11     Printing Scores with MusiXTeX
11.1     Some Information on MusiXTeX
11.2     Creating MusiXTeX-Sources
11.3     Editing MusiXTeX-Sources
11.4     Typesetting the Notes
11.5     Previewing the Notes
11.6     Printing the Notes
11.7     Print Using OS/2 Printer Drivers
11.8     Graphics-Export
12     Hotkeys of Nota Musica
13     Possible Error Messages
14     Planned Features
15     Nota Musica Hotline


1 Nota Musica
=============

Welcome to Nota Musica.  By purchasing this program, you show an
interest in working with music, playing music or having music played.

We do not know how much you already know about notes, keys, scores
etc., therefore we would like to take you every step of the way, so
that your work with Nota Musica will be successful and enjoyable.
Should you be an old hand at this, then just skip over everything with
which you already are familiar.

What can you do with Nota Musica?

1.  Enter music pieces

    Look at our sheet of music!

    This piece is from Carl Maria von Weber's "Freischtz".  What you
    see is not a copy of the original, rather, Nota Musica constructed
    and printed it.  The excerpt contains much information for the
    musician.  You yourself must know WHAT you want to compose.  Nota
    Musica for the most part takes over the HOW.

    Now to a few details.  A piece of music is divided into several
    movements and voices.  With Nota Musica, you can work on pieces of
    up to 255 movements and 255 voices.

    You can work individually on every single voice - place clefs,
    measures, and tempo changes independently for each voice.  You can
    also indicate an interval deviation for some of the voices (i.e.
    for a b-Instrument).

    Now take a look at our excerpt.  You can see 3 voices: the top,
    printed a little smaller, for clarinet with two flats; and the two
    lower ones connected by a brace, for piano with four flats.

    In addition there are different clefs, that is the treble clef on
    top, and on the lower two lines, as in our example, the bass clef.
    Also, you can see the beat, here 3/4-time, bar, notes, dynamics p,
    mp, ...  and last, but not least the lines.

    For what you previously needed highly qualified employees, i.e.
    music engravers, Nota Musica largely takes over for you.

2.  Entering notes:

    You can enter your notes by using your mouse and your keyboard.
    An open window shows you the necessary tools.  You can enter
    chords, dynamics, notes with slurs, ornaments and repeats without
    difficulty.  While you work, the clipboard functions are at your
    disposal, with which the notes can be exchanged between programs.
    For example, a recurring motive from a different part of the
    movement can be copied.  This simplifies and shortens your work.

3.  Arrangement of the notes

    If for some reason (i.e.  a different arrangement of the
    orchestra, of the chorus) you must change the key of a voice, then
    you can transpose this voice by an interval or an octave.  Further
    possibilities are the importing or exporting of notes from a
    MIDI-file.  Nota Musica can also set bar lines automatically, fill
    in rests, and place lyrics under your notes.

4.  Playing the notes

    While composing, you can check accoustically whether you placed
    the notes correctly.  Nota Musica generates MIDI-files from your
    tunes and uses OS/2's Multi Media Presentation Manager or a
    MIDI-player of your choice to play your notes on a soundcard or
    MIDI-keyboard.  For every movement and every voice, dynamics and
    MIDI control changes can be specified.

5.  Printing the music

    Should everything be correct, then the only thing you need to do
    is print your piece.  As already mentioned, Nota Musica places all
    the notes automatically, which is why you need not worry about the
    printout.  Choose whether you want a score or single voices
    printed and how large.  As seen from our example above, you can
    enlarge or reduce the size of the individual voices.

    The notes can be viewed on the monitor, printed, or exported to a
    graphics file.  (i.e.  PCX, BMP).

    The printing of the notes is done by the programs MusiXTeX and
    TeX.  These programs are available free of cost.  A version of
    MusiXTeX and TeX comes with Nota Musica with which you can
    immediately start your work.

And now we shall go to the practical side.


2 Before You Begin
==================

This manual serves as introduction to working with Nota Musica and can
later be used as a reference book.

The following chapters describe the installation and operation of Nota
Musica.  The order of the chapters is set up according to the sequence
of the menu items in Nota Musica.

In this manual, these two faces appear often:

:-) I give special tips and comments on how to use Nota Musica
correctly.  :-)

:-( I make you aware of some difficulties, which are to be taken into
account while working.  :-(

If you get stuck while working with Nota Musica and if you cannot find
a solution to your problems in this manual, please give aus a call or
write to us.  We will be more than happy to help you.

Also, if you have any comments, complaints, concerns, or suggestions
on improving this program, please contact us.  With that, you help us
make the next version more corresponding to your wishes.


3 Installing Nota Musica
========================

To install Nota Musica, execute the installation INSTALL.EXE program
which can be found on the THE NOTA MUSICA DISK.  The installation
program will suggest directories on your hard drive in which Nota
Musica and TeX should be installed.  If you prefer to install Nota
Musica in a different location, you can change the suggested directory
names.

In case you already installed TeX/LaTeX and MusiXTeX, you only need to
type the correct directory at the prompt and installing the TeX-packet
will not be necessary.

Lastly, you should select which TeX-packages you would like installed,
and for which package Nota Musica should be configured.

The installation program will guide you through the installation
process.  It will create a new program group for Nota Musica on your
desktop.

:-) If you are working with an OS/2 version older than OS/2 Warp V3 do
not forget to include the directory given by the installation program
in the library path of your config.sys file.  Otherwise, Nota Musica
will not work correctly.  :-)

When you start Nota Musica for the first time after you are finished
installing it, the SETTINGS notebook will open.  Here you can make
changes to Nota Musica's configuration.  In particular, you should
study the LAYOUT/TEX notebook pages.  Look at the pages VIEW,
PRINTER 1, PRINTER 2 and GRAPHIK to specify your printer model and
resolution.


3.1 The Installation - Step by Step
-----------------------------------

1.  Place the Nota Musica disk in drive A: and open an OS/2 window.
    Start the installation program by typing:

    A:\INSTALL      <Enter>

    After a short loading time, the installation program's main window
    will appear.  It allows you to change the suggested directories
    for Nota Musica (C:\NOTA) and the TeX-package (C:\EMTEX).

    :-) If you installed (a previous version of) Nota Musica before
    and now reinstall Nota Musica in the same directory, your old
    music pieces will not be deleted --- they will be kept for future
    use.  :-)

2.  Choose which packages you would like to be installed and for which
    TeX distribution you would like Nota Musica to be configured.  If
    you have already installed emTeX or OS/2TeX and MusiXTeX, you do
    not need to reinstall these programs.  Just specify the directory
    in which TeX is installed and tell the installation program that
    TeX is already installed.

    The MusiXTeX package needs to be installed if you want to preview
    or print your pieces.  The emTeX documentation might be
    interesting for you if you want to learn more about TeX.

3.  Push the INSTALL button.

4.  If you use a version of OS/2 prior to OS/2 Warp V3, you will be
    asked to modify the LIBPATH statement in your config.sys file.

    To do this, open an OS/2 Window and use the OS/2 system editor to
    edit your config.sys file.

    C:\ E config.sys      <Enter>

    Use the search menu entry to locate the LIBPATH statement and add
    the following directory at the end of the line.

    LIBPATH=...;c:\emtex\dll

5.  Insert the remaining disks into your disk drive when the
    installation program prompts you to do so.

6.  If you changed your config.sys file (OS/2 2.x only), reboot your
    computer when the installation has been completed for the changes
    in the system configuration to take place.

7.  To start Nota Musica open the Nota Musica program icon or open an
    OS/2 command prompt, change to the Nota Musica directory and start
    the program by typing nota.

    The first time you start Nota Musica the settings notebook will be
    opened automatically.  Using the pages of this notebook you can
    make changes to Nota Musica's configuration.

8.  Please pay special attention to the page LAYOUT/TEX and make sure
    that the font resolutions on the pages VIEW (chapter 3.3.4),
    PRINTER 1, PRINTER 2 (chapter 3.3.5), and GRAPHICS (chapter 3.3.6)
    are correct and check whether the correct printer model and port
    have been selected for your printer.


3.2 Directories
---------------

On the DIRECTORY-page of the settings notebook you can specify which
directories Nota Musica should use.  The titles of the entry fields
show which files are expected to be in these directories.  The last
entry field, titled LIBPATH, contains the directory where the dynamic
link libraries (DLLs) for LaTeX/TeX can be found.

:-( If you use a version of OS/2 older than OS/2 Warp V3 (i.e.  OS/2
2.x) you have to change the LIBPATH statement in your config.sys file
and reboot your computer.  Changing the LIBPATH entry field on this
notebook page will have no effect.  :-(

If you click on the UNDO button all changes you made to this notebook
page will be discarded.  In case you select the DEFAULTS button, all
controls of this page will be reset to default values.  Click on the
HELP button to get help on this notebook page.


3.3 Settings for MusiXTeX
-------------------------

Please pay special attention to the LAYOUT/TEX pages.  They are
important for the correct communication between Nota Musica and the
programs of the MusiXTeX/TeX package.  Several tabs lead you to pages
where you can enter the LaTeX/TeX settings.

:-) You can find more information on the possible settings and
parameters for these programs in their documentation which is
contained in the TeX base package.  :-)

If you click on the UNDO button on any of the following pages all
changes you made to that notebook page will be discarded.  In case you
select the DEFAULTS button, all controls of the page will be reset to
default values.  Click on the HELP button to get help on the notebook
page.


3.3.1 The TeX-Environment
-------------------------

On this page you can specify environment variables for the LaTeX/TeX
programs.  In case you have your own version of TeX installed select
the USER DEFINED button and you can change the name and the contents
of the environment file.

:-) Please do not select the USER DEFINED button if you use the
TeX-package that is shipped with Nota Musica.  The defaults used by
Nota Musica will work best with it.  :-)


3.3.2 LaTeX
-----------

On this page you can select the program that performs the first and
third pass in the typesetting process.  If you use emTeX, select
EMTEX - LATEX 2E.  If you use OS/2TeX, select OS/2TEX - LATEX 2E.  By
selecting USER DEFINED you can specify a different TeX typesetting
program.


3.3.3 MusiXflx
--------------

On this notebook page you can select the program to perform the second
pass in the typesetting process.  If you use emTeX, select
EMTEX - LATEX 2E.  If you use OS/2TeX, select OS/2TEX - LATEX 2E.  By
selecting USER DEFINED you can specify a different program for the
second pass.


3.3.4 View
----------

On this page you can select the font resolution to be used for
previewing your notes.  In case you also want to use the preview
program to print the notes, the font resolution selected needs to be
identical with that of your printer.  If you use OS/2TeX, just select
OS/2TEX VIEW - you do not need to select a font resolution.  By
selecting USER DEFINED you can choose your own program and parameters
for previewing.


3.3.5 Printer 1 / Printer 2
---------------------------

On these two notebook pages you can configure two printers.  Select
your printer from the printer model list box.  Choose the port to
which it is connected from the output port list box.  If you use
OS/2TeX, choose the corresponding entry - the OS/2TeX viewer will be
used for printing.  If you check the USER DEFINED button you can
select your own program and parameters for printing.


3.3.6 Graphics
--------------

On this page you can select the font resolution to be used for the
graphics export.  This feature is not supported if you use OS/2TeX.
Like on the other pages you can choose USER DEFINED to select your own
programs and parameters for the graphics export.


3.3.7 Editor
------------

On this page you can specify the editor to be used for editing the
MusiXTeX-Sources.  By selecting USER DEFINED you can choose your own
editor.  The name of the file to be edited will be passed as a
parameter to the editor program.


3.4 External MIDI-Player
------------------------

On the EXTERNAL MIDI-PLAYER page of the DEFAULT SETTINGS notebook you
can specify the path and name of a MIDI-player of your choice.  You
can also enter parameters for the MIDI-player (use the Parameter -s
with Nota Musica Sequencer, so that Nota Musica Sequencer will save
recorded MIDI files automatically).  If you MIDI-player support MIDI
files of type 2, check the corresponding check box.  You should also
select the type of the application to start: Presentation Manager,
OS/2 Window, or OS/2 Fullscreen.


3.5 INI-Files and Window Positions
----------------------------------

Nota Musica uses its own INI-File, which is usually located in the
Nota Musica directory (c:\nota).  It keeps track of window positions
and default settings.

If you want the INI-File to be stored in a different directory, select
the menu item PATH TO INI-FILE and specify a different directory.

Sometimes it might be necessary to reset the window positions to their
defaults.  In this case select the menu item DELETE WINDOW POSITIONS.
Attributes of the windows other than their positions will not be
affected.


3.6 System Requirements
-----------------------

To use Nota Musica you need an IBM compatible PC that runs OS/2
version 2.1 or later.  Both under OS/2 2.1 and OS/2 Warp you need to
install OS/2's Multi Media Presentation Manager for Nota Musica to
run.  Nota Musica needs 10MB of hard drive space.

If you have a sound card that is supported by OS/2 you may play your
tunes on your sound card and on a keyboard attached to the MIDI--port
of your sound card.


4 The Nota Musica Program
=========================

To start the OS/2 Presentation Manager program Nota Musica either
click on the Nota Musica program object or type nota.exe at an OS/2
command prompt.

The main window consists of a menu and a container which lists the
movements and voices of your piece.  The container has a global
context menu and a context menu for every movement or voice object.

Within the container you can see two different symbols:

Using the mouse you can select and deselect movements and voices.  A
selected movement or voice is marked by a dark background.  By holding
down the left mouse button and moving the mouse pointer over several
objects you can mark multiple objects.  If you want to select or
deselect single voices, hold down the CTRL-key while clicking on the
object.  If you mark a movement, all its voices will be regarded as
marked, even if they are not marked visibly by a dark background.

If you click with the right mouse button on a movement or voice, Nota
Musica will display a context menu.  If you click on a marked object,
all objects marked will be affected by the menu option you choose;
otherwise only the object you click on will be affected.

:-( In this menu, if you select OPEN or SETTINGS, only the object you
clicked on will be affected.  :-(

Using the VIEW menu item of the piece menu you can specify whether the
icons should be displayed large or small.


5 Handling Music Files
======================

The menu item FILE offers you several functions to handle NMF-files
- Nota Musica File - .

Nota Musica uses a special file format to save all the music
information.  You can choose any name of your choice for your musica
files, but it should end with .NMF.


5.1 Creating New Music Files
----------------------------

Select NEW in the file menu or press the shortcut key combination CTRL
and N.  If you edited another file already, you will be asked to save
the old file.  After that you can create a new piece.


5.2 Loading an Existing Music File
----------------------------------

Select the item LOAD in the file menu or press the shortcut key
combination CTRL and O.  Select the file you want to load from the
file selection box that will appear and push the OK button.  If you
edited another file already, you will be asked to save the old file.

As an alternative, you can pick up an NMF file icon on the desktop and
drop it on the Nota Musica program icon.


5.3 Saving a Music File
-----------------------

Select the item SAVE in the file menu or press the shortcut key
combination CTRL and S.  If you created the music file but did not
choose a name you will be asked for a name for the file.


5.4 Saving a Music File under a New Name
----------------------------------------

Select the item SAVE AS in the file menu.  You will see a file dialog
where you can enter the new file name.


5.5 Saving a Music File Automatically
-------------------------------------

If you choose the item DEFAULT SETTINGS in the main menu you will see
a notebook.  Click on tab SAVE.  Now you can specify whether backup
copies should be created and whether you want your piece to be
automatically saved.  You can define the time interval between
automatic saves and decide whether Nota Musica should ask for
confirmation before automatically saving.


5.6 Importing Music Files from Other Programs
---------------------------------------------

Using the IMPORT menu item you can load Nota Musica 1.x and MIDI-files
with Nota Musica.


5.6.1 Importing Nota Musica 1.x Files
-------------------------------------

Choose this menu item to load a Nota Musica 1.x file.  A file
selection dialog box will appear on the screen.  After you select a
file, the file will be imported to Nota Musica.

:-) Once you have imported a Nota Musica 1.x file, you can only save
it as Nota Musica 2.x or MIDI file.  :-)


5.6.2 Importing MIDI Files
--------------------------

By selecting this menu item or by pressing the shortcut key
combination CTRL and I you can load MIDI files with Nota Musica.
Every channel - in a MIDI file, every note is assigned to a channel,
which represents a single instrument - will be treated as a voice.

First, you will be asked for the name of the MIDI file to be imported.
A notebook will be opened subsequently which you can use to select
options for the MIDI import.

On the first page of the notebook you can specify whether or not the
information on dynamics in the MIDI file should be kept.

:-( Simple changes in the dynamics will be detected (like f and mp),
but not more advanced ones (like crescendo and decrescendo).
:-(

Next, you can specify whether the key, the measure, and the tempo
should be derived from the MIDI file.  Otherwise, you can preset new
values.

The second page of the notebook refers to the durations of the notes.
You can specify the durations that occur in the MIDI file.  It is not
recommended to allow all durations, because the durations of the notes
in MIDI files are often not exact, i.e.  a half note could be
interpreted as a double dotted quarter note.  Therefore you should
only select the durations that should occur in the piece.

The third page of the MIDI import notebook refers to the time
intervals between the notes (i.e.  the positions of the notes).  You
can specify the smallest time interval allowed between two notes.

:-) It is recommended to use a denominator as large as possible to get
a good result.  :-)

On the last page of the notebook you can specify how to assign
dynamics symbols to different volumes.  Please read chapter 9.3 for
more information.

On all three notebook pages, you will find three buttons.  If you
click on the UNDO button all changes you made to a notebook page will
be discarded.  In case you select the DEFAULTS button, all controls of
that page will be reset to default values.  Click on the HELP button
to get help on this notebook page.

You can specify defaults for these pages using the default settings
notebook.

:-) All voices will initially be assigned the g-clef.  Please remember
to adjust the clefs if necessary once the MIDI import has been
completed.  :-)


5.6.3 Import Using the External MIDI-Player
-------------------------------------------

By selecting the EXTERNAL MIDI-PLAYER option in the IMPORT submenu of
the FILE menu, you can first record a MIDI file using an external
MIDI-player (such as Nota Musica Sequencer) and then import it into
Nota Musica.  For information on how to configure Nota Musica to use
the MIDI player of your choice, please see chapter 3.4.  After
recording a MIDI file, you will have to specify options for the MIDI
import as described in chapter 5.6.2.


5.7 Exporting Notes
-------------------

If you want to exchange notes between different music applications you
have to export them into a MIDI file type 0 - All notes are in one
track.  - or type 2 - Every movement has its own track.  MIDI type 2
is not supported by OS/2 MMPM/2.  That means a file of MIDI type 2
cannot be played by OS/2.  - .  This function exports the whole piece.
To export a movement or a voice please read chapter 8.8.  If you
choose this function you will have to specify the file name for the
MIDI file.


5.8 Exiting Nota Musica
-----------------------

To exit Nota Musica click on EXIT in the FILE menu or press the
hotkeys F3 or ALT and F4.  If you have not saved the current piece you
will be asked if you want to save it.


6 Creating and Managing Pieces
==============================

Nota Musica's main window shows you the movements and voices of your
piece.  Right below the menu you see the title of the piece.  The
space under the title can contains two different icons:

:-) The voices displayed below a movement icon belong to that
movement.  If you select an option from the movement's context menu
(click the right mouse button on the movement's icon), it will affect
all voices of the movement.  :-)


6.1 Creating a New Piece
------------------------

When you create a new piece, you first have to make some settings in
the PIECE SETTINGS notebook.  You can open this notebook by using the
PIECE SETTINGS option in the main menu or the piece's context menu.

On this page of the notebook you can enter the title and the composer
of the piece.  Both can be up to 127 characters in length.

Using the remaining controls on this page you can specify whether
default or piece specific values should be used for layout (see
chapter 6.1.1), systems (see chapter 6.1.2), dynamics (see chapter
9.3), or channel controls (see chapter 9.4).

If you click on the UNDO button all changes you made to this notebook
page will be discarded.  In case you select the DEFAULTS button, all
controls of this page will be reset to default values.  Click on the
HELP button to get help on this notebook page.

:-) You can specify your own default values for the following notebook
pages by using Nota Musica's DEFAULT SETTINGS notebook, so you do not
have to enter them each time you create a new piece.  :-)

For information on the SETTINGS notebook page please refer to chapter
9.3.


6.1.1 The Layout Notebook Pages
-------------------------------

This page is divided into two parts.  The first part contains LaTeX
settings.  The entry fields FORMAT and STYLE contain LaTeX commands
for page and font size which you can choose from list boxes.  You can
also specify whether and where page numbers should be displayed.

Using the MUSIXTEX section, you can change the appearance of the notes
on a page.  For example, you can specify where bar numbers should be
printed.  Enter 9999 to turn off bar numbering.  You can also specify
note and line spacing, whether every movement should start on a new
page, and whether the tempo should appear on the printout.

In the second part of the page layout page you can enter paper sizes
and margins (negative values are allowed for margins).  The values you
enter will only take effect if you check the check boxes next to the
entry fields.  The following sketch shows the dimensions to be
specified:

1.  Left margin for even pages / right margin for odd pages

2.  Text width

3.  Top margin

4.  Height of header

5.  Space between header end text body

6.  Space before first line

7.  Text height

8.  Space between text body and footer

:-) If you do not specify anything here, Nota Musica will use LaTeX's
standard page layout.  :-)

If you click on the UNDO button all changes you made to this notebook
page will be discarded.  In case you select the DEFAULTS button, all
controls of this page will be reset to default values.  Click on the
HELP button to get help on this notebook page.


6.1.2 The Systems Notebook Page
-------------------------------

On this page you can define systems for your piece.

If you want the instrument name displayed on the printout, enter it
here.  In case the instrument name's text and the notes overlap on the
printout, you can adjust their position here.

Several different sizes between 16pt and 28.8 pt are available for the
notes on the printout.

Also on this page, you can enter the number of main systems.  Every
main system can consist of up to 4 sub systems.  Sub systems will be
grouped on the printout by brackets at the beginning of each line.
You can size the systems independently.  For example, you can add a
solo voice in a smaller font to a piano score.

If you click on the UNDO button all changes you made to this notebook
page will be discarded.  In case you select the DEFAULTS button, all
controls of this page will be reset to default values.  Click on the
HELP button to get help on this notebook page.


6.2 Creating a Movement
-----------------------

After you have created a piece, you have to create a movement.  Select
the option CREATE either from the main menu, the piece's context menu
or the context menu of an existing movement.  In the latter case the
movement will be created after the movement whose context menu you
used to create the new movement.  The MOVEMENT SETTINGS notebook will
be displayed.

To change settings for an existing movement select SETTINGS from the
movement's context menu.

To discard any changes you make on any notebook page click on the UNDO
button.  In case you select the DEFAULTS button, all controls of the
page will be reset to default values.  Click on the HELP button to get
help on the notebook page.

On the first page of this notebook you can enter the title and
composer of the movement (if desired), both up to 127 characters in
length.

Using the remaining controls on this page you can specify whether the
piece's defaults or movement specific values should be used for
systems (see chapter 6.1.2), dynamics (see chapter 9.3), or channel
controls (see chapter 9.4).

:-( Any changes you make to the settings on this page will be ignored
if you specify to use the piece's default settings.  :-(

Please refer to the chapters 6.1.2, 9.3, and 9.4, for an explanation
of the remaining notebook pages.


6.3 Creating a Voice
--------------------

After creating a movement you have to create the voices for the
movement.  Select CREATE from the context menu of either the movement
or an already existing voice.  In the latter case the voice will be
inserted after the voices whose context menu you used to create the
new voice.  The VOICE SETTINGS notebook will be displayed.

To change the settings of an existing voice select SETTINGS from the
context menu of the voice.

On any notebook page, click on the UNDO button for all changes you
made to this notebook page to be discarded.  In case you select the
DEFAULTS button, all controls of this page will be reset to default
values.  Click on the HELP button to get help on this notebook page.

On the first page of the voice settings notebook you can specify the
name of the voice, which can be up to 127 characters in length.

Next, you have to specify the interval deviation of the instrument.
It specifies the interval by which the voice has to be transposed when
played.  This is used for transposing instruments; instruments that,
though notated in one key, sound in a different key (a clarinet in A
plays the tone a when the note c is written).

Also enter the MIDI channel number which is to be used to play the
voice.  It is important to enter the channel number that you
configured for this voice in the channel settings (see chapter 9.4).

Now enter the number of the system in which the voice should be
printed, along with information on how the necks of the notes should
be printed: upwards, downwards, or in both directions (depending on
position in system).  If you specify more than one voice to be printed
in one system only the last one of these voices will appear on the
printout.  These settings only affect the printout, not the display in
the graphical editor.

Using the remaining controls on this page you can specify whether the
movement's defaults or voice specific values should be used for
dynamics (see chapter 9.3), and channel controls (see chapter 9.4).

:-( Any changes you make to the settings on this page will be ignored
if you specify to use the movement's default settings.  :-(


6.4 Deleting Movements and Voices
---------------------------------

To delete a movement or a voice, select DELETE in the context menu of
the voice or movement you would like to delete.  If you mark several
movements or voices, all of them will be deleted.

:-) If you delete a movement, all of its voices, if any, will also be
deleted.  :-)


7 How to Enter Notes
====================

The most important feature of a music program is a comfortable note
editor.  Nota Musica offers you three different editors: a graphical
note editor (see chapter 7.1) where you can enter notes using the
mouse in staffs and a textual note editor (see chapter TEXT EDITOR) to
enter the notes with the computer keyboard.  The textual editor also
supports the OS/2 clipboard.  In a third editor, you can enter lyrics,
chord names, and verses.

Choosing the menu item OPEN of the movement or voice menu you have the
possibility to edit the notes of a movement.  If you selected a
movement or a voice you can press the key F12 to open the graphic
editor, the key F11 to open the textual editor, or SHIFT + F11 to open
the songtext editor.


7.1 Graphical Note Editor
-------------------------

The graphic editor can be loaded from the movement or voice menu or
you can double-click on a movement or voice icon.

The window of the graphic editor shows the staff (black lines) and
leger lines (grey lines).  When you move the mouse over the graphic
editor window the mouse pointer will show cross hairs and additional
icons depending on the current selections.

Using the graphics editor menu you can change the number of staffs
that are shown at the same time.  Choosing the menu item VIEW -
VERTICALLY you can change the number of staffs shown.  Choosing the
item OPTIMAL you will see two staffs if the movement contains two or
more voices.  Below every staff you can see the name of the voice in
blue letters so you will not be confused.  If there are more voices in
the movement than shown on the screen you can scroll to the other
voices using the scroll bar on the right hand side.

Next to the staffs you can see green vertical grid-lines.  These lines
divide the screen into several parts of the same size.  You can change
the number of these lines by choosing the menu item VIEW -
HORIZONTALLY.

Using the VIEW - HORIZONTALLY \& VERTICALLY menu item, you can change
the number of systems and grid-lines to be displayed at the same time.

The menu VIEW - FILTER contains the six different entries that can be
entered using the graphic editor.  In this menu you can choose the
entries to be displayed.  You can use this so you do not get confused
if you have several different entries in the same grid.  For example,
if you check the CLEF menu item you will not see clef changes.  You
will only see the clef at the beginning of the staff.

As previously mentioned the graphic editor has a vertical grid.  The
size of the grid can be set by the menu GRID.  For example, you can
specify that one grid is the equivalent of an eighth note.  The grid
chosen is displayed next to the title on the title bar.

The second to last item is titled TRIPLET.  If you choose this item
you can enter triplets.  You will see that the grid changes.  Between
every two green lines you will see two dark green lines.  These dark
lines divide one grid to enter triplets.

Lastly, you will find the item LEGER LINES.  If you check this item,
four grey leger lines will appear.

Depending on the grid size, notes are printed with different spacings.
Using the scroll bar on the bottom of the window you can scroll the
notes from the beginning to the end.  If you click on the little
arrows next to the scroll bar you can scroll the notes by one grid.
Clicking on the left next to the bar you can scroll one page to the
left, clicking on the right you can scroll one page to the right.

At the beginning of the staff in front of the first grid line the
current clef with sharps or flats shown.  If you scroll the notes
across a clef, sharp or flat change you will see a different clef etc.
at the beginning of the line.  The note entries follow on the right.

There are six different entries:

Notes and Rests
        Notes and rests are printed in the staff in black color.
        These are the most frequent entries.

Clef    The clefs can be placed on every place in the voice.  They are
        in a dark blue color.

Sharps or Flats
        The sharps or flats define the key of the voice.  They can
        also be set on every place in the voice but normally they are
        ahead a bar.  They have a brown color.

Measure
        Another entry is the measure.  A change in the measure should
        always be placed in front of a bar.  The beat is printed in
        pink.

Bar     Frequently used entries are bars.  Next to the bars are
        repeats.  They can be placed in every location in the voice.
        The bars are printed in black and turquoise.  Read on below
        for more information on how to enter repeats.

Tempo   With the tempo change you can change the tempo of the measure.
        You can put temp changes anywhere in the voice.  They are
        printed in black.

Songtext
        Using a songtext mark you can assign text to your notes.  A
        songtext mark will be displayed in blue.  You can enter
        songtext marks at any point on your score.

While setting the notes pay close attention to the grid.  Let us
assume that the grid is set to eighth notes.  The first note is a
quarter note and you like to place an eighth note.  A quarter note
contains two eighth notes.  Because of this you have to jump over a
grid and place the eighth note in the second grid.  Always pay
attention to this scheme for every note, bar etc.

Now we will explain how to enter notes, clefs etc.  Next to the
graphic editor another window (the toolbar) appears.  You can choose
the entries to be placed in the staff.

If you push the topmost arrow button you will see a drawer showing six
other buttons.  With the help of these buttons you can change between
note, clef, sharp/flat, measure, bar, tempo, and songtext modes.
Aftern choosing a mode, the drawer disappears and the lower part of
the toolbar changes.

By clicking on the top-right button on the toolbar, you can change
between INSERT and OVERWRITE mode.  When the button is pushed down,
you are in INSERT-MODE, otherwise in OVERWRITE-MODE.  Using the left
mouse button you can place new notes into the scores (either inserting
between or overwriting existing notes).  By pressing the right mouse
button, you can delete notes from the score.


7.1.1 Notes and Rests
---------------------

With this mode you can place notes with dynamics, ornaments etc.  and
rests.  These entries are always printed in black.

In note and rest mode, you will see six attribute buttons under the
mode button.  By pushing the arrow button next to an attribute button
you can open a drawer with options for a specific attribute of a note.
You can either select one of these options or click on the arrow
button again to close the drawer.

If an attribute button is pushed down, it will be set for the next
note you place.  If it is up, it will not be used for the next note.

The first button is to specify whether to set notes or rests and their
duration.  You only specify the base duration and nothing else e.g.
if it is dotted etc.  For this you use the next button.  While placing
the notes you have to look at the cross hairs to specify the correct
pitch.  You also have to look at the grid.  To set a rest in the grid
you only need to pay attention to the grid.  The vertical position of
the rest will be set automatically.

:-) If you place eighth notes or shorter ones you will see them only
with flags.  While printing the notes the flags are converted
automatically to beams.  If you do not want beams in certain places
you have to use VIRTUAL BARS.  :-)

The next button is to specify whether the note should be sharp or
flat.  If you choose the red cross the note has the sharp or flat
stated in the key.

Double Sharp
        the sign 'x' raising the pitch of its note by two chromatic
        semitones.

Sharp   the sign '#', which, set before a note, raises its pitch by a
        chromatic semitone.

Natural
        cancels a sharp or flat set by the key or a prior sharp or
        flat for the note following.

Flat    the character 'b', which lowers the pitch of a note before
        which it is set by a semitone.

Double Flat
        the sign 'bb' lowers the note following by two semi tones =
        one whole tone.

Now we are looking at the duration of the notes.  Click the third
button to choose the duration of a note (triplet, dotting etc.).  If
you choose the red cross the next entry will be a normal note.

Triplets
        a group of three equal notes to be performed in the time of
        two of the equal value in the regular rhythm.

Dotting
        a dot set after a note prolongs its time-value by half the
        original time value.

Double dot
        a double dot set after a note prolongs its time-value by half
        and then once more by half - that is 3/4 of the note.

Now there are the slurs.  As before the red cross deletes the slur at
a note.

:-) Slur - a sweeping curve drawn over or under two or more notes,
signifying that they are to be executed LEGATO.  :-)

Begin of Slur
        Marks the first note to be under the slur.

End of Slur
        Marks the last note to be under the slur.

The second to the last button is to choose the dynamics.

:-) Dynamics - the varying and contrasting degrees of intensity or
loudness in music tones :-)

mezzoforte (mf)
        half loud

forte (f)
        strong, loud

fortissimo (ff)
        very loud

fortissimo possibile (fff)
        as loud as possibile

mezzopiano (mp)
        half soft

piano (p)
        soft

pianissimo
        very soft

pianissimo possibile
        extremely soft

crescendo
        swelling, increasing in loudness

decrescendo
        growing softer, diminishing in force

:-) If you assign a crescendo or decrescendo sign to consecutive notes
they will automatically be printed with a single (de)crescendo sign.
:-)

The last button is to set the ornaments.  You have a very large choice
but you can only define one ornament for each note.

:-) Ornament - A grace, embellished.  :-)

Trill   a grace occupying the entire time-value of the principal note,
        being the rapid and even alternation of the latter with a
        higher auxiliary in the key (the major or minor second above).

Mordent
        a grace consisting of the single rapid alternation of a
        principal note with an auxiliary a minor second below.

Inverted Mordent
        (Pince)

Long Inverted Mordent
        (Long Pince)

Turn    a melodic grace consisting of four notes, a principal note
        (twice struck) with its higher and lower auxiliary (the major
        or minor second above and below, each struck once).

Backturn
        like turn

Pizzicato
        plucked with the finger; a direction for bow-instruments, to
        play the notes so marked by plucking the strings.

Sforzando
        a direction commonly applied to a single tone or chord,
        indicating that it is to be performed with special stress.

Portato
        a smooth gliding from one tone to another.

Hold (Fermate)
        a sign indicating the indefinite prolongation of its
        time-value, at the performer's discretion, in accordance with
        the rhythm of the composition.

DEP     not for the foot keyboard of the organ.

Pedal   foot keyboard of the organ.

Arpeggio
        Playing the tones of a chord in rapid and even succession;
        playing broken chords.

Long Mordent

Tenuto/Staccato

Flagolett

Aufstrich

Abstrich


7.1.2 Clef
----------

Clefs can be set on any place in the voice.  They are displayed in
dark blue.

This drawer offers you all seven clefs of the music.  Frequent clefs
are the violin-clef (or treble clef, on the left) and bass-clef (on
the right).  If you change a clef the following notes are moved to the
correct line.


7.1.3 Sharps or Flats
---------------------

Sharps and flats define the key of the measure.  They can be placed in
the whole voice but preferably ahead a bar.  They are displayed in
brown.

You define the number of sharps or flats with the first arrow button.
If you put these in your voice, newly placed notes will get these
sharps or flats.

With the next drawer you define the mode of the movement.  To define a
special key you need the sharps and flats and the mode.  The most
frequent modes are major and minor.  The other modes are for
church-music.


7.1.4 Measure
-------------

Another entry is the measure.  It should be placed in front of a bar.
It is displayed in pink.

Now we would like to define the measure.  If you want to set an
ALLA BREVE TIME or 4/4 TIME you can click on one of the buttons.
Otherwise enter the measure numerator and denominator in the next
entry fields.  By entering a number in one of these fields the two
buttons (Alla breve/C) will be unmarked.


7.1.5 Bar
---------

Using this mode you can place bars and repeats.  These elements can be
placed in anywhere on the piece.

The bars can have two colors: black and turquoise.  The black ones are
fixed bars.  These bars can only be changed by you.  The symbols of
the repeat-bracket have to be placed in front of the first note of the
bracket.

Start Repeat
        marks the first note to be repeated.

End Repeat
        marks the last note to be repeated.

End and Start Repeat
        marks the last and first note to be repeated.

Repeat Bracket 1
        marks the first note to appear under repeat bracket 1.

Repeat Bracket 2
        marks the first note to appear under repeat bracket 2.

Turquoise bars are placed by Nota Musica.  If you choose the item to
calculate bars, Nota Musica deletes the turquoise bars and calculates
their position using the measure.  Black bars will never be changed by
Nota Musica.  If the measure numerator is even (e.g.  4/4 measure)
Nota Musica places a dotted bar in the middle of a measure.  The
effect of this bar is to cut the beam of eighth notes in the middle of
a measure.  If you do not want a beam you can also place this bar by
yourself.  But if you choose to have bars calculated the all dotted
bars you added will be deleted.

:-) To enter repeats with brackets set a START BRACKET 1 in front of
the first note under the first bracket, an END REPEAT just after the
last note under the first bracket, and a START BRACKET 2 in front of
the next note (this is the first note under bracket 2).  :-)


7.1.6 Tempo
-----------

A speed change alters the speed of the whole movement.  You can place
this at any place of the voice.  It is displayed in pink.

To specify the speed of a voice you have to choose the reference
duration and you have to define the speed.  To do this you choose the
duration in the drawer and enter the number of beats per minute in the
field below.  In the graphic editor you will see a little note and,
behind an equal-sign (=), the speed.


7.1.7 Songtext
--------------

Using songtext marks you can add text to your notes or assist the
automatic songtexter tool.  Songtext marks are displayed in a blue
font.  You can add these marks at any place of your voice.

To add text to a voice, switch to songtext mode and use the type
drawer to specify whether the text should be assigned to a note (for
lyrics) or to a beat (for chord names).  The Auto type is used only by
the automatic songtexter and should not be selected.  You can choose
the position and alignment for the text to be placed using the
respective drawers.  Use the drop down lists at the bottom of the
toolbar to select the range of syllables (first and last) to be
assigned.

In order to assign syllables in the graphical editor, you need to
enter your songtext using in the songtext editor (see chapter 7.3).
To faciliate the assignment of songtext, Nota Musica offers you the
automatic songtexter tool (see chapter 8.5.


7.1.8 An Example of How to Enter Notes
--------------------------------------

Setting a dotted b as eighth note with a trill ornament: Put the
toolbar in the note and insert mode.  Next, push the arrow beneath the
line to open the duration drawer.  Then choose the eighth note.  Now
push the third arrow beneath the line and choose the point.  Look that
the point-button is pushed to accept this attribute.  Now do the same
for the trill ornament.  Now we have prepared the toolbar we can put
the note in the grid on the b-line of the staff.  The same method can
be used for all the other notes.


7.1.9 Hotkeys of the Graphic Editor
-----------------------------------

This section explains the hotkeys of the graphic editor.

F12     Toggle between insert and overwrite mode.

F4      Change to the note mode.

F5      Change to the clef mode.

F6      Change to the sharp/flat mode.

F7      Change to the measure mode.

F8      Change to the bar mode

F9      Change to the speed mode.

F11     Change to songtext mode.

+       Enlarge horizontally

-       Enlarge vertically

The following hotkeys are active only in note mode:

n       If rests are selected this key will select notes and select or
        deselect the button (only by the overwrite mode)

r       If notes are selected this key will select rests and select or
        deselect the button (only by the overwrite mode)

1       Selecting a whole note or whole rest.

2       Selecting a half note or half rest.

4       Selecting a quarter note or quarter rest.

8       Selecting a eighth note or eighth rest.

6       Selecting a sixteenth note or sixteenth rest.

v       Selecting or deselecting sharp/flat.

#       Selecting sharp.

=       Selecting natural.

b       Selecting flat.

3       Selecting or deselecting triplets.

.       Selecting or deselecting dotted notes or rests.

:       Selecting or deselecting double dotted notes or rests.

(       Selecting or deselecting begin of slur.

)       Selecting or deselecting end of slur.

d       Selecting or deselecting dynamics.

f       Selecting mf - f - ff - fff.

<       Selecting crescendo.

>       Selecting decrescendo.

p       Selecting mp - p - pp - ppp.

o       Selecting or deselecting ornaments.

:-) All hotkeys except the numbers can be used in the graphic editor
and in the toolbar.  In the toolbar the numbers are reserved defining
the measure and the tempo.  :-)


7.2 Textual Note Editor
-----------------------

The text editor can be used to enter the notes of one movement.  You
will see a notebook with a separate page for a voice.  You can edit
only one voice at a time.

First choose the notebook page of the voice to be edited.  In the
first lines of the page you see the title of the movement and of the
voice.  Underneath you will see a list of all entries of the voice.
Below this listbox there are several fields to enter the notes etc.

Now look at the list.  Each entry starts with a number.  Behind it you
will find the time difference to the previous entry.  If the previous
note is a half note you see a 1/2.  If the previous entry is a note or
a rest the time difference is normally the duration of the note or the
rest.  If it is a dotted note you have to regard this.  All other
entries cause a zero in the numerator.  The denominator cannot be
zero.

If you want to move from one entry-field to another you can press the
key TAB or SHIFT and TAB.

At the bottom of the page you see several buttons.  Using these
buttons you can APPEND, INSERT, CHANGE and DELETE entries in the list.
Next to these buttons you will find a button called BLOCK / CLIPBOARD.
After selecting this button you see a menu to use block and clipboard
functions.  These functions ease the work with notes.  For example you
can copy the theme of the movement if you need it several times.
Block begin and end are marked with a line of down- and up-arrows.

:-) To mark a block, mark the first note to be part of the block in
the listbox and press the BEGIN button.  Then mark the last note to be
part of the block and press the END button.  :-)

Press the COPY button to copy the block into the clipboard, or press
the CUT button to copy the block into the clipboard and at the same
time to delete the block in the list box.  To insert the clipbord data
before the currently marked note, press the PASTE button.  To append
the data to the voice, push the APPEND button.  If you place the notes
in the clipboard you can insert them in other voices or movements.
The data in the clipboard are deleted as soon you copy other data into
it.  The clipboard will not be emptied when you close Nota Musica.


7.2.1 Notes and Rests
---------------------

After the time difference between notes in the listbox, you will see
the name of the note (e.g.  a' = a1) or of a different entry.  An R
denotes a rest.  After that you will see the duration followed by one
or two dots if the note is dotted.

:-) To enter half triplets use the denominator 3, for quarter triplets
6, for eighth triplets 12 etc.  :-)

:-) You can enter notes more quickly, if you follow these guidelines:

1.  Select the note mode.

2.  Position the cursor on the textfield for the note name.

3.  If the note is dotted, enter one or two dots.  The cursor will
    automatically move to the correct entry field.

4.  Enter the length of the note.  The cursor will automatically move
    to the note length entry field.

5.  Enter the name of the note.  The cursor will automatically return
    to the note name entry field.

6.  Click on APPEND or press ENTER.

7.  Repeat the process from step 3 to enter more notes.

:-)

The entries for slurs, dynamics and ornaments can be seen in the
following lists.  You also have the opportunity to push the HELP
button to get more information.  For more information read chapter
7.1.

Slurs:

a       Start Slur

e       End Slur

Dynamics:

mf      mezzoforte

f       forte

ff      fortissimo

fff     fortissimo possibile

mp      mezzopiano

p       piano

pp      pianissimo

ppp     pianissimo possibile

cres    crescendo

dec     decrescendo

Ornaments:

1       Triller (TR)

2       Mordent

3       Inverted Mordent - Pince

4       Long Inverted Mordent - Long Pince

5       Turn

6       Backturn

7       Pizzicato

8       Sforzando

9       Portato

10      Strong Pizzicato

11      Hold - Fermate

12      DEP

13      Pedal

14      Triller (TR~)

15      Triller (TR~~)

16      Triller (TR~~~)

17      Triller (~)

18      Triller (~~)

19      Triller (~~~)

20      Triller (~~~~)

21      Pince - L

22      Pince - SW

23      Pince - NE

24      Pince - NW

25      Arpeggio 1

26      Arpeggio 2

27      Arpeggio 3

28      Arpeggio 4

29      Arpeggio 5

30      Arpeggio 6

31      Long Mordent

32      Tenuto/Staccato

33      Flagolett

34      Aufstrich

35      Abstrich

In the same manner, statements should be placed in the entry fields.
You only have to choose the entry NOTE in the ENTRY TYPE list.


7.2.2 Clef
----------

If the ENTRY TYPE list shows the word CLEF you can enter clefs.  To do
this you only need to select the correct clef.


7.2.3 Sharps or Flats
---------------------

To define the key of the voice you have to specify the number of
sharps or flats and the mode.  In the field SIGNATURE you choose the
number of sharps or flats and in the next field you choose the mode.


7.2.4 Measure
-------------

Another item of the ENTRY TYPE list is the MEASURE.  In the entry
fields, type in the measure numerator and denominator.  Otherwise if
you want to set an ALLA BREVE TIME enter an 'A' or if you want to set
a 4/4 TIME enter a 'C'


7.2.5 Bar
---------

The bars can have two colors: black and turquoise.  The black ones are
fixed bars.  These bars can only be changed by you.  The turquoise
bars are placed by Nota Musica.  If you choose the item to calculate
bars, Nota Musica deletes the turquoise bars and calculates their
position using the measure.  Black bars will never be changed by Nota
Musica.  If the measure numerator is even (e.g.  4/4 measure) Nota
Musica places a dotted bar in the middle of a measure.  The effect of
this bar is to cut the beam of eighth notes in the middle of a
measure.  If you want to prevent a beam you can also place this bar by
yourself.  But if you have Nota Musica recalculate bars, the dotted
bars you added will be deleted.

In a list box it is only possible to print monochrom entries.  So the
turquoise bars are printed as broken lines and dotted lines.

:-) To enter repeats with brackets, set a START BRACKET 1 in front of
the first note under the first bracket, an END REPEAT just behind the
last note under the first bracket, and a START BRACKET 2 before the
next note (this is the first note under bracket 2).  :-)


7.2.6 Speed
-----------

To specify the speed of a voice you have to enter the reference
duration and you have to define the speed.  To do this you enter the
duration and the number of notes per minute in the entry fields.


7.2.7 Songtext
--------------

Using songtext marks you can add text to your notes or assist the
automatic songtexter tool.  You can add these marks at any place of
your voice.

To add text to a voice, switch to songtext mode and use the type list
box to specify whether the text should be assigned to a note (for
lyrics) or to a beat (for chord names).  The Auto type is used only by
the automatic songtexter and should not be selected.  You can also
choose the position and alignment for the text to be placed.  Use the
drop down syllable lists to select the range of syllables (first and
last) to be assigned to the note or beat.

In order to assign syllables in the textual note editor, you need to
enter your songtext using in the songtext editor (see chapter 7.3).
To faciliate the assignment of songtext, Nota Musica offers you the
automatic songtexter tool (see chapter 8.5.


7.3 The Songtext Editor
-----------------------

You can open the songtext editor by marking a movement and selecting
SONGTEXT EDITOR in the OPEN submenu of the movement's context menu.
You can also use the hotkey Shift + F11.  The songtext editor notebook
consists of two pages.  On the first page, you can enter the text that
will be printed together with your notes - enter your lyrics and chord
names here.  Text entered on the second page will be printed under the
score - here you can enter text for additional verses.


7.3.1 Song Text
---------------

In this editor, you can enter the syllables, words and chord names to
be printed with the notes of your voice.  Please separate syllables
and chord names with spaces.  Once you have entered the chord names,
you can use the note editors or the automatic songtexter tool to
assign the syllables to notes or beats in your voice.  Please read
chapter 8.5 for instructions on how to use the automatic songtexter
tool.

:-) To enter a flat or sharp sign with a chord name, please use \# for
sharps and \b for flats.  You should also escape all non-alphanumeric
characters with a backslash character \.  :-)


7.3.2 Verse Text
----------------

Using this editor, you can enter additional verses for your tunes.
They will be printed below the notes of your tune.  Separate verses by
blank lines.


8 Working with Notes
====================

If you look under the item TOOLS of the movement or voice menu you
will find functions to work with the music pieces.  The functions will
operate on all selected movements and voices if called from the
context menu of a selected voice or movement, or just on the voice or
movement whose context menu has been opened, if this voice or movement
is not selected.  A dotted line encircles the movements and voices on
which the functions will operate.


8.1 Transposing by Octaves
--------------------------

Sometimes a voice is to high for an instrument, which makes it hard to
play.  It is therefore useful to put the complete voice an octave
lower.  For this purpose the function OCTAVE is available.  Specify
the number of octaves to transpose and push the OK button.


8.2 Transposing by an Interval
------------------------------

Transposing - Write out a composition in a different key - is very
important.  After selecting the item TRANSPOSE you have to specify the
interval or the number of semitones by which to transpose.  You can
also specify whether or not the key of the voice should be changed
according to the transposition.


8.3 Calculating Bars
--------------------

While entering notes you can also enter bars.  If you do not do it
yourself, Nota Musica can calculate the bars for you afterwards.
Select the menu item CALCULATE BARS to manage this.

There are two different kinds of bars.  Black bars and repeats can
only be set and deleted by yourself.  Turquoise bars are set and
deleted (if they are in the wrong place) by Nota Musica.

There are also two kinds of turquoise bars: Regular solid bars
(printed in black in the final printout), and a dotted bars.  These
dotted bars are automatically set by Nota Musica if the measure
numerator is even (e.g.  4/4 time).  The effect of these bars is to
cut the beam of eighth notes in the middle of a measure.  If you want
to prevent a beam you can also place this bar by yourself.  Dotted
bars will not be printed on the printout.


8.4 Removing Bars
-----------------

Using the REMOVE BARS menu item in the TOOLS submenu of the context
menu of a voice or movement, you can remove all bars inserted by the
CALCULATE BARS function.


8.5 Distributing and Removing Songtext
--------------------------------------

This tool is used to automatically assign lyrics or chord names to a
voice.  We recommend using this function only for one voice rather
than for an entire movement, since songtext is usually only intended
for a single voice.

In the songtexter dialog you can specify how the text is to be
assigned to the selected voices:

- syllables will be assigned to notes (for lyrics),

- syllables will be assigned to beats (for chord names).

The songtexter operates as follows:

1.  Existing automatically assigned songtext will be removed.

2.  If you chose to assign syllables to notes, a single syllable will
    be assigned to every (or every other, third, etc, depending on
    your selection) note (starting at the first syllable and note).
    Text will be left-aligned under the notes.  No text will be
    assigned to rests.

3.  If you chose to assign syllables to beats, a single syllable (for
    example a chord name) will be assigned to every (or every other,
    third, etc, depending on your selection) beat (beginning at the
    first beat and syllable).  The text will appear above the notes.

If you assigned fixed text to a note or beat, no automatic text will
be assigned to that note or beat.

In certain cases it is necessary to give the automatic texter tool
some hints.  You need to consider the following:

- The automatic songtexter assigns exactly one syllable to a note or
  beat.  A syllable is defined as a sequence of characters without
  spaces.  If you want to assign more than one word to a note or beat,
  you need to do this either manually in one of the note editors, or
  you can group these words in the songtext editor using braces ({}).

- If you do not want any songtext assigned to a specific note or beat,
  you can either manually assign a space in one of the note editors,
  or enter braces without anything in-between ({}) at the
  corresponding position in the songtext editor.

- If you do not like the defaults for text position and other text
  attributes assigned by the automatic texter tool, you can enter
  fixed texts to change these defaults.  Whenever the automatic
  songtexter encounters a fixed text entry, it will use its text
  attributes as the default for all subsequently placed automatic
  text.  You can enter as many of these hints as you wish.  Texts of
  type NOTE (FIXED TO) will be interpreted as hints for assignment of
  text to notes, texts of type BEAT (FIXED TO) will be interpreted as
  hints for assignment of text to beats.


8.6 Splitting a Voice
---------------------

After importing a MIDI-file, all notes usually appear in a single
system.  To separate these notes (for example to get a separate system
for the left and the right hand of piano piece), you can use the SPLIT
tool in the TOOLS submenu of the voice or movement context menu.  In
the split dialog box, you can select at which point a voice should be
separated.  You can also select whether or not notes, once separated,
should be simply deleted or be stored in the clipboard (so you can
insert them into a new voice in the textual note editor later on).


8.7 Calculating Rests
---------------------

This tool can be used to insert rests into a voice to fill gaps
between notes.  This becomes necessary after splitting a voice or
importing a MIDI file.  You could also decide to only enter the notes
themselves in the note editors, and leave it to Nota Musica to enter
the rests.  In the CALCULATE RESTS dialog you can specify which rests
are allowed to be placed in your piece.

:-) Nota Musica always uses the longest possible rest.  If a gap in
the voice is longer than the longest available rest, more than one
rest may be added.  If a gap is shorter than the shortest rest, the
gap will not be filled.  :-)

You can enter your preferences for possible rests in the
DEFAULT SETTINGS notebook.  That way you do not have to specify your
selections in the CALCULATE RESTS dialog anew every time you use this
tool.


8.8 Exporting MIDI Files
------------------------

If you want to exchange notes between different applications you have
to export them into a MIDI file type 0 - All notes are in one track.
- or type 2 - Every movement has an own track.  MIDI type 2 is not
supported by OS/2 MMPM/2.  That means a MIDI type 2 file cannot be
played by OS/2.  - .  This function exports the movements and voices
marked.  If you want to export the whole piece please see chapter 5.7.
If you chose this function you have to specify the file name for the
MIDI file.


9 Playing Music Pieces
======================

To play the notes with a soundcard or a MIDI-Instrument select
INTERNAL MIDI-PLAYER or EXTERNAL MIDI-PLAYER in the OUTPUT submenu.
The internal MIDI player will use OS/2's Multi Media Presentation
Manager (MMPM/2) interface to play your tunes.  If you have more than
one MIDI device installed, you can select the device on which you want
the notes to be played.  By default, Nota Musica Sequencer will be
used as external MIDI player, but you can use a MIDI player of your
choice, too (to be selected in the default settings notebook).

These menu items can be opened in two different ways.  You can either
use the piece menu to playback the entire piece, or you can use the
context menu of a movement or voice to playback only the marked
movements or voices.


9.1 The Internal MIDI-Player
----------------------------

After you have chosen this item, the play dialog box will be opened.
Here you can enter commands to play or stop the tune.  In the first
two lines, you can see the name of the composer and the title of the
piece to be played.  Below this information, the name of the current
movement is displayed.  You can use the buttons next to this text to
page forward or backward to a different movement.  The next line gives
you information on the current state of the player and on the length
of the current movement.  The buttons below this status line can be
used to play, pause, rewind, etc.  the piece.  You can also specify
the volume or even mute the player.

You can enter MIDI-controls to manipulate the musical instruments
(according to your needs) in the different piece-, movement-, and
voice-settings.

In the DEFAULT SETTINGS you will find a page called
INTERNAL MIDI-PLAYER.  On this page you can specify whether and how
long the internal MIDI-player will pause between two movements.  You
can specify a delay between 1 and 240 seconds.  Check the box in front
to activate the delay.


9.2 The External MIDI-Player
----------------------------

You can execute an external MIDI player by selecting the corresponding
menu item.  The program to execute can be selected as told in chapter
3.4.


9.3 Settings Notebook Page
--------------------------

This page is used to adjust the effects of dynamics signs for a piece,
movement, or voice.  You can set the volume for each dynamics sign
using a slider control in the range from 0 (silent) to 127 (loud).

Using this control, you can fine-tune the effect of crescendo and
decrescendo signs.  Higher values result in stronger (de)crescendo,
lower values in weaker (de)crescendo.

If you click on the UNDO button all changes you made to this notebook
page will be discarded.  In case you select the DEFAULTS button, all
controls of this page will be reset to default values.  Click on the
HELP button to get help on this notebook page.


9.4 MIDI-Channels
-----------------

You can change channel controls for every MIDI-channel.  There is a
tab at the bottom of the notebook for every one of the 16 MIDI
channels.

On the first page you will find a list of all GM-Instruments - General
MIDI - , that are supported by the Multi Media Presentation Manager
and most MIDI keyboards.  If you push the button PLAY you can hear the
selected instrument.  The button STOP stops the music.

The second page contains, among others, adjustments for the pitch
bend.  If you like to use this adjustment during playback of the piece
check the field ACTIVE.

The second half of the page presents a list of MIDI control changes.
After selecting a control change mark the field ACTIVE in front of the
sliders.

The last page of the settings is titled CONTROL CHANGES.  Here you can
enter control changes according to your wishes.  First enter the name
of the control change and afterwards the controls (e.g.  Name: Main
Volume, Control Rough: 7, Control Precise: 39).  If you enter 0 as a
precise control, it means that the control change supports only rough
changes (the slider Precise is disabled).

:-( Not all controls are supported by MMPM/2 and all keyboards.  Refer
to the keyboard manual to find out about the controls supported by
your keyboard.  The same control change may produce different results
on different keyboards.  :-(

At the end of each page you find the following buttons.  If you click
on the UNDO button all changes you made to this notebook page will be
discarded.  In case you select the DEFAULTS button, all controls of
this page will be reset to default values.  Click on the HELP button
to get help on this notebook page.


10 Previewing and Printing the Notes
====================================

To preview and print notes, choose the menu item OUTPUT.  This
function can be invoked in two different ways.  First you can open it
by using the piece menu, to print or preview the entire piece.  The
second way is to open this item using the movement or the voice
context menu to print or preview only one or more movements or voices.

The menu items DISPLAY..., PRINTER... and GRAPHICS FILE... take care
of calling several MusiXTeX programs (see chapter 11) in a specific
order.

All three functions are started by the same dialog box.  If you select
this function in the piece menu you can choose between printing scores
or printing single voices.  If you choose this function in the
movement or voice context menus, Nota Musica will always print scores.
In the system settings (see chapter 6.1.2) you defined the size for
the systems.  If you want to keep the systems in the same size choose
the third button.  Finally push the button CREATE.

:-) If you forgot to enter bars in a voice, please use the
CALCULATE BARS function to have Nota Musica fill in the bars to get a
good result.  :-)


10.1 Previewing the Notes on the Screen
---------------------------------------

Select this menu entry of the MUSIXTEX menu to preview the final
printout of your notes.  You may specify the first and last page to
preview if you only want to preview some pages.  You may also rotate
the printout.

Nota Music will start the program DVIPM.  In this program you may use
the scrollbars to scroll the visible part of a page on the screen and
zoom the page displayed by pushing + and - (or use the zoom command in
the menu).

Use the PAGE menu or the page up/down buttons (see figure) to select
the page to display.

You can also print your notes using the DVIPM program.  DVIPM will use
OS/2 printer drivers for printing the notes (rather than the custom
TeX printer drivers, which generally produce better results).  Use the
PRINT PAGE, PRINT ALL PAGES and PRINTER OPTIONS... items in the FILE
menu.


10.2 Printer Menu Item
----------------------

To print your notes, select the PRINT command of the MUSIXTEX menu.
As for previewing you may enter a range of pages to print and rotate
the output (to print in landscape mode, for example).  In addition you
may enter how many copies you want to have printed.


10.3 Graphics-Export
--------------------

By selecting the command GRAPHICS-EXP. of the MUSIXTEX menu you can
export your piece of music to a graphics file.  It will appear in this
graphics file in the same manner as on your printer.  The resolution
of the graphics can be changed using the default settings dialog (see
chapter 3.3).

You may import the graphics files created by Nota Musica into your
word processor or desktop publishing program to enter texts to the
notes or to insert the notes into larger documents.

:-( Graphics export is not currently supported with the OS/2TeX
package.  Please do not use this option, if you use OS/2TeX instead of
emTeX.  :-(


11 Printing Scores with MusiXTeX
================================

The MUSIXTEX submenu can be opened in two different ways.  First you
can open it by using the piece menu, to print or preview the entire
piece.  The second way is to open this item using the movement or the
voice context menu to print or preview only one or more movements or
voices.  The MUSIXTEX menu lists functions to preview, print and
export the final print of your notes.

Nota Musica automatically arranges your pieces on the output pages.
To print, preview or export your piece to a graphics file, select the
following commands from the MusiXTeX menu:

1.  CREATE,

2.  TYPSET,

3.  PRINT, PREVIEW, or GRAPHICS-EXP. respectively.

These three menu items are combined under the item Output (see chapter
9) to preview and print the final print of your more easily.


11.1 Some Information on MusiXTeX
---------------------------------

MusiXTeX is an extension of the typesetting system TeX and LaTeX which
makes it possible to write notes with TeX.  It was developed by Daniel
Taupin at the University of Orsay (France), in Victoria (Australia)
and the University of Bochum (Germany).  TeX was developed by Donald
E.Knuth at the Stanford University and the macro package LaTeX was
originally written by Leslie Lamport.

For documentation on MusiXTeX and LaTeX please refer to the
bibliography at the end of this book.


11.2 Creating MusiXTeX-Sources
------------------------------

After selecting the command CREATE you will see this dialog.  If you
selected this function in the piece menu you can choose between
printing scores or printing single voices.  If you chose this function
in the movement or voice context menu, Nota Musica will always print
scores.  In the system settings (see chap.  6.1.2) you defined the
size for the systems.  If you want to keep the systems in the same
size choose the third button.  Further you can choose to append the
notes to an existing LaTeX-File of which you can specify the filename.
Otherwise you do not need to change the name.  Finally you choose the
button CREATE.

:-) If you forgot to enter bars in a voice, please use the
CALCULATE BARS function to have Nota Musica fill in the bars to get a
good result.  :-)

Chords, dynamics, ornaments (Pizzicato, Sforzando etc.), slurs and
repeats will be printed as entered in the note editor.  Crescendo and
decrescendo will be printed as < and > respectively.  If a crescendo
or decrescendo sign continues for more than four quarter notes, it
will be abbreviated by "cres." or "decresc.".

A small dialog box indicates the progress of the creation process.  It
displays the movement, the voice and number of bars processed.

:-) If there is not enough space between song text and signs for
dynamics and ornaments on the printout, you need to change the line
spacing or the spacing between systems.  If syllables in your songtext
overlap, you can either increase the space between notes or the paper
width.  Take a look at chapter 6.1.1 for more information on these
settings.  :-)


11.3 Editing MusiXTeX-Sources
-----------------------------

If you are familiar with LaTeX and MusiXTeX, you may edit the
MusiXTeX-sources to adjust the format of the printout to your specific
needs or add texts to the notes.


11.4 Typesetting the Notes
--------------------------

Use the TYPESET submenu of the MUSIXTEX menu, to let Nota Musica
execute the TeX system to typeset your notes.  Typesetting is done in
three steps.  If you specified a name different from the default for
the MusiXTeX source file when creating the MusiXTeX source, enter the
same name in the dialog box that will be displayed.  Otherwise, just
press enter to accept the default file name.

Temporary files with extensions .mx1 and .mx2 will be created during
the first two typsetting steps.


11.5 Previewing the Notes
-------------------------

Select this menu entry of the MUSIXTEX menu to preview the final
printout of your notes.  You may specify the first and last page to
preview if you only want to preview some pages.  You may also rotate
the printout.

Nota Music will start the program DVIPM.  In this program you may use
the scrollbars to scroll the visible part a page on the screen and
zoom the page displayed by pressing + and - (or use the zoom command
in the menu).

Use the PAGE menu or the page up/down buttons (see figure) to select
the page to display.


11.6 Printing the Notes
-----------------------

To print your notes, select the PRINT command of the MUSIXTEX menu.
As for previewing you may enter a range of pages to print and rotate
the output (to print in landscape mode, for example).  In Addition you
may enter how many copies you want to have printed.


11.7 Print Using OS/2 Printer Drivers
-------------------------------------

If your printer is not compatible to the printers shown in the
installation program you may print your notes using an OS/2 printer
driver.  To do this, start the preview program as shown before (see
chapter 11.5).


11.8 Graphics-Export
--------------------

By selecting the command GRAPHICS-EXP. of the MUSIXTEX menu you can
export your piece of music to a graphics file.  It will appear in this
graphics file in the same manner as it would appear on your printer.
The resolution of the graphics can be changed using the default
settings dialog (see chapter 3.3).

:-( Graphics export is not currently supported with the OS/2TeX
package.  Please do not use this option, if you use OS/2TeX instead of
emTeX.  :-(


12 Hotkeys of Nota Musica
=========================

This section explains the hotkeys of Nota Musica.

Strg + N
        Create a new music file.

Strg + O
        Load an existing music file.

Strg + S
        Save a music file.

Strg + I
        Import music files from other programs.

F3      Exit Nota Musica.

Shift + F11
        Open the song text editor for the movement marked.

F11     Open the textual note editor for the voice marked.

F12     Open the graphical note editor for the voice marked.

F5      Play the entire music piece using the internal MIDI-player.

Shift + F5
        Play the entire music piece using the external MIDI-player.

Shift + F8
        Create, typeset and finally preview the notes on the screen.

Shift + F9
        Create, typeset and then print the notes.

Shift + F4
        Create, typeset and then export the notes to a graphics file.

F6      Create MusiXTeX-sources.

F2      Edit MusiXTeX-sources.

F7      Typeset the notes (first pass).

Shift + F7
        Typeset the notes (second pass).

Ctrl + F7
        Typeset the notes (third pass).

F8      Preview the notes.

F9      Print the notes.

F4      Export the notes to a graphics file.


13 Possible Error Messages
==========================

Error messages of Nota Musica:

Error loading the help file:
        Check if there is the correct NOTA MUSICA DIRECTORY in the
        DEFAULT SETTINGS and that there is a file called  nota.hlp

Program cannot be executed:
        Make sure the MUSIXTEX DIRECTORY and the LIBPATH are correct
        in the DEFAULT SETTINGS.  Check also whether the program on
        the pages below LAYOUT/TEX is right.  Otherwise verify the
        TeX-Base-Installation.

Error loading graphics files:
        Check the NOTA MUSICA DIRECTORY in the DEFAULT SETTINGS and
        that there are 19 files with the extension *.grp in this
        directory.  If files are missing you need to reinstall Nota
        Musica.

Toolbar and Play-Dialog will not appear:
        Install the MULTI MEDIA PRESENTATION MANAGER or verify it.

Error messages of the typesetting program (TEX386.EXE):

Error messages with prompt:
        Enter the character S and check the output afterward.  It
        could be that a note is out of the range of a score, or you
        forgot a bar.


14 Planned Features
===================

- Additional functionality for the graphical editor

- support for more file formats for import and export (e.g.  WAV)

- IBM VoiceType support


15 Nota Musica Hotline
======================

Whether you have questions, need further information, or if you have
suggestions for future versions of Nota Musica and this manual, please
feel free to contact us by mail:

    Johannes Martin Software-Entwicklung
    z.Hd. Herrn Ludger Martin
    Pfarrer-Dorn-Strasse 26
    55127 Mainz
    Germany

or send us e-mail at:

    L.Martin@TeamOS2.de

You can always find up-to-date information on Nota Musica on our home
page on the World Wide Web:

    http://www.teamos2.de/software/notamusica
