# 8255 PPI

- If a port is defined as input, then it's output's will be at high impedance. A device connected to a port of the 8255 will see &FF on the port outputs.

This can be tested with the following code:

The 8255 is a general purpose input/output IC. This document will describe it's role in the Amstrad CPC,CPC+ and KC compact systems. To understand it's full functions please read the datasheet.

In these systems it is connected to the AY-3-8912 Programmable Sound Generator (PSG), keyboard, cassette recorder, the VSYNC of the 6845 CRTC and the "busy" signal from the parallel port.

The PPI is selected when bit 11 of the I/O port address is set to "0", bits 9 and 8 then define the PPI function access as shown below:

Bit 9 | Bit 8 | PPI Function | Read/Write status
--- | --- | --- | ---
0 | 0 | Port A data | Read/Write
0 | 1 | Port B data | Read/Write
1 | 0 | Port C data | Read/Write
1 | 1 | Control | Write Only

It is advised that the remaining bits of the I/O address are set to "1" to avoid conflict with other devices. The recommended I/O addressess are:

I/O address | PPI Function
--- | ---
&F4xx | Port A data
&F5xx | Port B data
&F6xx | Port C data
&F7xx | Control

In the CPC+, the 8255 is integrated into the ASIC. The "emulation" is not complete and some functionality is not available. Please see the "Extra CPC+ documentation" for more information.

- Mode 1 (Strobed Input/Output) and Mode 2 (Bi-Directional Bus), as far as I know, are not used by any program, Mode 0 (Basic Input/Output) is always used.

## Port Usage

NOTE:

- If you are using the firmware, always return the operating modes and I/O state of the ports used to their settings below. The firmware expects the settings to be the same as given below and may operate incorrectly if they are not.

### PPI Port A

Operating system settings:

- I/O Mode 0,
- Output

NOTE:

- For writing data to PSG all bits must be set to output,
- for reading data from PSG all bits must be set to input.

Bit | Description | Usage
--- | --- | ---
7 | PSG databus | Read data from PSG or Write data to PSG
6
5
4
3
2
1
0

### PPI Port B

Operating system settings:

- I/O Mode 0,
- Input

Bit | Description | Usage
--- | --- | ---
7 | Cassette read data |
6 | Parallel/Printer port ready signal | "1" = not ready, "0" = Ready
5 | /EXP | (note 6)
4 | (note 5)
3 | (note 1) | (note 4)
2 | (note 2)
1 | (note 3)
0 | 6845 VSYNC | State of VSYNC from 6845. "1" = VSYNC active, "0" = VSYNC inactive

Note:

1. On CPC464,CPC664,CPC6128 and GX4000 this is LK3 on the PCB. On the CPC464+ and CPC6128+ this is LK103 on the PCB. On the KC compact this is "1".
2. On CPC464,CPC664,CPC6128 and GX4000 this is LK2 on the PCB. On the CPC464+ and CPC6128+ this is LK102 on the PCB. On the KC compact this is "0".
3. On CPC464,CPC664,CPC6128 and GX4000 this is LK1 on the PCB. On the CPC464+ and CPC6128+ this is LK101 on the PCB. On the KC compact this is /TEST signal from the expansion port.
4. On the CPC464,CPC664,CPC6128,CPC464+,CPC6128+ and GX4000 bits 3,2 and 1 define the manufacturer name. See below to see the options available. The manufacturer name is defined on the PCB and cannot be changed through software.
5. On the CPC464,CPC664,CPC6128,CPC464+,CPC6128+ and GX4000 bit 4 defines the Screen refresh frequency. "1" = 50Hz, "0" = 60Hz. This is defined on the PCB and cannot be changed with software. On the KC compact bit 4 is "1"
6. This bit is connected to /EXP signal on the expansion port.
   - On the KC Compact this bit is used to define bit 7 of the printer data.
   - On the CPC, it is possible to use this bit to define bit 7 of the printer data, so a 8-bit printer port is made, with a hardware modification,
   - On the CPC this can be used by a expansion device to report it's presence. "1" = device connected, "0" = device not connected. This is not always used by all expansion devices.

Table showing manufacturer name on power-up (CPC and CPC+ only):

Bit 3 | Bit 2 | Bit 1 | Manufacturer Name
--- | --- | --- | ---
0 | 0 | 0 | Isp
0 | 0 | 1 | Triumph
0 | 1 | 0 | Saisho
0 | 1 | 1 | Solavox
1 | 0 | 0 | Awa
1 | 0 | 1 | Schneider
1 | 1 | 0 | Orion
1 | 1 | 1 | Amstrad

### PPI Port C

Operating system settings:

- upper: I/O Mode 0, lower: I/O mode 0,
- upper: output, lower: output

Bit | Description | Usage
--- | --- | ---
7 | PSG BDIR | PSG function selection
6 | PSG BC1
5 | Cassette Write data |
4 | Cassette Motor Control | set bit to "1" for motor on, or "0" for motor off
3 | Keyboard line | Select keyboard line to be scanned (0-15)
2
1
0

PSG function selection:

Bit 7 | Bit 6 | Function
--- | --- | ---
0 | 0 | Inactive
0 | 1 | Read from selected PSG register
1 | 0 | Write to selected PSG register
1 | 1 | Select PSG register

## Programming Examples

1. Using the control byte
   - Setting bit 7 of port C to 1,

         LD B,&F7                ;8255 Control port
         LD A,%00001111          ;Bit Set/reset function
         OUT (C),A               ;Send it to 8255
         RET

   - Set port A to input, operating in mode 0, port B to output, operating in mode 0 and port C to input, operating in mode 0.

         LD B,&F7                ;8255 Control port
         LD A,%10011001          ;Configuration function
         OUT (C),A               ;Send it to 8255
         RET

2. Using port A/B/C,

   In this example, port A is set to output, port B is set to input, and port C is set to output, and they are all operating in mode 0.

   We will only be using port A for these examples.

   - Reading from port A,

                                 ;Set port A to input

         LD B,&F7                ;8255 Control port
         LD A,%10010010          ;Configuration function
         OUT (C),A               ;Send to 8255

         LD B,&F4                ;Port A port address
         IN E,(C)                ;Get byte from port

                                 ;Register E holds value from port

                                 ;Return port I/O status and operating modes
                                 ;to previous settings.

         LD B,&F7                ;8255 Control port
         LD A,%10000010          ;Configuration function
         OUT (C),A               ;Send to 8255
         RET

   - Writing to port A,

                                 ;Set port A to output

                                 ;(Note the next few lines are not necessary
                                 ;as port A is already acting as output, however
                                 ;it is given here just to make the example
                                 ;more understandable)

         LD B,&F7                ;8255 Control port
         LD A,%10000010          ;Configuration function
         OUT (C),A               ;Send to 8255

         LD B,&F4                ;port A port address

                                 ;Register E holds value to put into port

         LD E,&FF                ;Data to put into port
         OUT (C),A               ;Send to port A

                                 ;Return port I/O status and operating modes
                                 ;to previous settings.

         LD B,&F7                ;8255 Control port
         LD A,%10000010          ;Configuration function
         OUT (C),A
         RET