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                               CHINESE SHAR-PEIS
                                       
   
   
Author

   Author: Heidi Merkli (heidi@emn.ocunix.on.ca)
   
   Created Feb. 6, 1995.
     * Revision: July 1, 1996
       Changes to health and rescue sections.
     * Revision: July 1, 1995
       Changes to health and FAQ sections.
       
   
   
   Copyright 1995-1996 by Heidi Merkli
     _________________________________________________________________
   
Table of Contents

     * History
     * The AKC Standard
     * Socialization
     * Showing
     * Frequently Asked Questions
     * Health Problems
     * Diet
     * Grooming
     * Breeders
     * Clubs
     * Rescue
     * Suggested Readings
     * References
       
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
History

   The origin of the Chinese Shar-Pei can be traced to the province of
   Kwun Tung and has for centuries existed in the southern provinces of
   China. These dogs helped their peasant masters in various tasks such
   as herding cattle, guarding the home and family, and have proven
   themselves to be qualified hunters of "wild game, usually wild pigs."
   
   The Shar-Pei is believed to have shared a common origin with the
   smooth-coated Chow-Chow because of the blue-black mouths and tongues,
   possibly the Great Pyreness, a source of the double dewclaws, and the
   Tibetan Mastiff. It was believed in ancient times that the dark mouth
   of the Chow-Chow, exposed when barking, helped to ward off evil
   spirits. The first Shar-Pei may have appeared as a mutation. The
   Shar-Pei when translated means "sand-skin" or "shark skin." This
   uniquely rough, loose, prickly coat enabled the Shar-Pei to wriggle
   out of its opponents grasp while fighting in the dog pits. The coat
   when stroked against the grain may be abrasive, producing a burning,
   itching sensation. Their tail is carried over their backs on either
   side exposing the anus.The first tail set is a tightly-curled tail, a
   "coin" tail. The second tail set is the loose curl, and third is
   carried in an arch over the back. The Shar-Pei with his tail sticking
   out straight or between his legs was thought to be cowardly. The tail
   should denote bravery.
   
   While viewing the body head on, if the toes were slightly turned out
   this was thought to help the dog with balance according to old-time
   dog-fighting fanciers. The Chinese crawling dragon with his feet
   pointed east and west was considered a sign of strength. Because of
   these poor breeding practices many of the Shar-Pei have bad fronts. A
   dog with straight forelegs is correct.
   
   Incidentally, any dog in China that protects property is called a
   fighting dog, whereas in Canada and the United States they are
   referred to as guard dogs.
   
   Following the establishment of the Peoples' Republic of China as a
   communist nation, the dog population was virtually wiped out. If not
   for the efforts of Matgo Law of Hong Kong, the Shar-Pei would not be
   here today. Due to his dedication to the breed, a small number of
   Shar-Pei were brought to the United States in the 1960's and early
   70's. In 1974 American and Canadian fanciers answered Matgo's appeal
   for help and in 1976 the first Shar-Pei was registered. The foundation
   stock brought over from Hong Kong were of poorer quality then the
   Shar-Pei we see today. In August of 1991 the Shar-Pei officially
   completed the requirements for recognition by the American Kennel club
   and was placed in the Non-Sporting Group. In 1992 the Canadian Kennel
   Club also offically recognized and grouped the Shar-Pei in group 6,
   Non-Sporting events. Since that time several Shar-Pei are now and
   continuing to become CKC and AKC champions.
   
   Together the United States and Canada can now boast over 100,000
   Shar-Pei in the world. This unique breed is also recognized by the
   FCI, HKKC, and the CSPCGB. The CSPCGB operates independently receiving
   no input or influence from the [British] Kennel Club. I would also
   mention that the FCI recognizes the HKKC standard and not the AKC's at
   this time, as per its general policy of using the standard from the
   country of the breed's origin.
     _________________________________________________________________
   
The AKC Standard

   The Standard is the physical "blueprint" of the breed. It describes
   the physical appearance and other desired qualities of the breed
   otherwise known as type. Some characteristics, such as size, coat
   quality, and movement, are based on the original (or current) function
   for the dog. Other characteristics are more cosmetic such as eye
   color; but taken together they set this breed apart from all others.
   The Standard describes an ideal representive of the breed. No
   individual dog is perfect, but the Standard provides an ideal for the
   breeder to strive towards.
   
   Because of copyright concerns over the collection of all the Standards
   at any single site storing all the faqs, AKC Standards are not
   typically included in the Breed faqs. The reader is referred to the
   publications at the end of this document or to the National Breed Club
   for a copy of the Standard.
     _________________________________________________________________
   
Socialization

   Although the Shar-Pei is extreme in its devotion to its family, it is
   important that early socialization take place. Because the Shar-Pei
   can be stubborn and somewhat standoffish towards strangers, puppy
   kindergarten and general obedience should be a serious consideration
   for a new prospective owner.
     _________________________________________________________________
   
Showing

   Many Shar-Pei throughout the world have gained their titles in
   Companion Dog (CD), Companion Dog Excellence (CDX), and Utility Dog
   (U.D.) degree. The Shar-Pei have won many conformation titles and are
   known to have an excellent gait when at full trot.
     _________________________________________________________________
   
Frequently Asked Questions

   Why is its tongue black? Do any other breeds also have a black tongue?
   
     The Shar-Pei shares this distinctive characteristic with only one
     other breed, the Chow-Chow indicating that there may be a common
     ancestor.
     
   If a dog has a spotted black tongue, is it a Shar-Pei mix?
   
     If the Shar-Pei has a spotted tongue it is a major fault, and may
     possibly be immune-mediated. Known as Vitiligo which is a loss of
     pigment in the gingiva, flews, hair, tongue etc., usually patchy,
     adult onset. Needs further research.
     
   The puppies are SO cute and wrinkly! Do they stay this wrinkly?
   
     No, in the adult Shar-Pei the wrinkling is confined mainly to the
     forehead and withers.
     
   Are they good with other dogs? Children? Cats and other pets?
   
     If raised with them and if the Shar-Pei receives early
     socialization, yes. For further infomation on dominace, place in the
     pack ie. Alpha, consult the FAQ on behaviour.
     
   Are they suspicious of strangers? Do they make good watch dogs?
   
     Yes, they are aloof with strangers and make excellent watch dogs.
     They are fiercely defensive of their home, loved ones, and
     possessions. The ruff around their necks raises along their backs,
     ears pull back and down, and back may arch exhibiting aggresive
     behavior when danger threatens.
     
   Do they shed a lot?
   
     No, only once a year to lighten their dense coat for the summer.
     Always use a bristled brush never a wire one as it will tear or
     scratch the skin.
     
   How long do they live?
   
     They live to be approximately 8 to 12 years of age but some have
     been known to live as long as 15 years or more.
     
   I've heard that the Shar-Pei can be aggressive, is this true?
   
     They are an active dog and sometimes this enthusiasm can be
     misinterpreted. With early socialization this dog can be a well
     behaved loving member of the family.
     
   Is the Shar-Pei suitable for apartment living?
   
     Yes, but they need daily exercise otherwise they will begin to feel
     pent-up. This should include more then just taking them out to do
     their duties.
     
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
Health Problems

   In general, dogs with any of the following conditions should not be
   bred. You want to make sure that the parents of the puppy you may be
   considering have been cleared or checked for any of these conditions.
   
  ENTROPION
  
   The Shar-Pei are 1 of 14 breeds that can have this condition. This is
   where the eyelid rolls in towards the eye, rubbing against the cornea
   and irritating this sensitive structure. Watery eyes, infection, even
   a corneal ulcer, can occur. Surgical correction is required. Dogs with
   this condition should not be bred, as a genetic component is
   suspected.
   
  HYPOTHYROIDISM
  
   The thyroid glands secrete a hormone which controls the basic
   metabolic rate of the entire body. Inadequate hormone levels reset the
   body to function at a lower metabolic level. In that case, dogs fatten
   easily on a normal diet, become sluggish, and are easily chilled. Hair
   changes are most noticeable and include loss of hair from the flanks
   and back, increased pigmentation of the skin, scaling and seborrhea
   (an abnormality in the production of skin cells.) Secondary bacterial
   infection of the skin is common. The ears may also be affected,
   filling with thick, yellow greasy material which may predispose the
   dog to ear infections. Blood tests will determine the level of thyroid
   function and adminstration of thyroid hormone can treat the condition.
   
  FAMILIAL SHAR-PEI FEVER AND AMYLOIDOSIS
  
   Familial Shar-Pei fever also known as "Swollen Hock Syndrome" (SHS)
   typically occurs before 18 months of age and include the following
   symptoms:
    1. Swelling of the hock joint and sometimes other joints can be
       affected.
    2. Reluctance to move.
    3. Insatiable thirst.
    4. Swollen painful muzzle.
    5. Abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and shallow breathing.
       
   As a result of SHS the dog may develop amyloidosis which is a
   collection of diseases causing an abnormal distribution of amyloid
   protein throughout the body. "This is exactly what is seen in Familial
   Mediterranean Fever in humans." This disease in most case is fatal
   usually between the ages of 3 and 5 years of age from complete renal
   failure.
   
   Research on Amyloidosis is being done at Cornell University by Dr.
   Linda Tintle. Queries can be sent to Toni Andres, Executive Staff
   Assistant, 221 Veterinary Research Tower, NYSCVM, Cornel University,
   Ithaca, NY 14853, or you can make a tax-deductable donation payable to
   the CSPCA Charitable Fund in c/o: Lee Arnold, Chairman, P.O. Box 7007,
   Bedminster, NJ 07921.
   
  DEMODECTIC MANGE
  
   The mite, Demodex canis, starts off as small dry areas on the head,
   chest, and legs of the Shar-Pei. Because the dog scratches to relieve
   the intense iching, the skin becomes red and raw. Check with your
   veterinarian for prescribed medication, shampoos, and other
   appropriate treatment.
   
  SEBORRHEA OLEOSA
  
   Severe rancid body odor which comes from raw, scalely, bloody skin.
   Could be caused by hypothyroidism, yeast infections, and or food
   allergies. This situation should be immediately discussed with a
   veterinarian and the appropriate shampoos and medication can
   effectively treat this condition.
   
  MALOCCLUSION
  
   Overbites are very common. This can occur due to the misplacement of
   the incisors causing an overcrowding. Extraction at a young age can
   prevent the adult canines from cutting into the hard palate.
   
  TIGHT LIP SYNDROME
  
   This is where the excess flesh from the lower lip covers the teeth
   making it difficult for the Shar-Pei to chew. This excess flesh also
   traps food and is usually associated with an overbite.
   
  EARS
  
   Due to the breed standard calling for small ears, this results in the
   Shar-Pei having very narrow ear canals. This can cause infections,
   problems with mites, or a very heavy build-up of dark wax. Attention
   should be taken in cleaning the ear throughly with a vet prescribed
   ear solution. If left untreated surgery or perment deafness can be the
   end result.
   
  NOSE - STENOTIC NARES
  
   These dogs snore because of excess flesh. If the dog is unable to pass
   air with ease, surgery to the alar folds of the nostril may be
   necessary. An "elongated soft palate" is likely to be the cause of
   "respiratory distress."
   
  CARPAL LAXITY
  
   This is a weakness is the carpal ligaments which causes instability
   and bowing forward in young puppies. Decrease the protein level and
   exercise on a non-slippery surface. In severe cases soft wraps will be
   in order.
   
  PATELLAR LUXATION
  
   Is where the knee cap slips out of its socket.
   
  HIP DYSPLASIA
  
   A dysplastic dog has an abnormal hip joint where the femur and
   acetabulum are misaligned. This can range in severity from mild
   (controllable) pain to dogs in such agony they must be put down. Make
   sure the parents of any puppy you consider has been cleared of Hip
   Dysplasia through the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals.
   
  REGURGITATION/VOMITING
  
   "Megaesophagus and or diaphramatic hernias may not be detected until
   the dog is much older when they will appear underweight or emaciated
   with a history of vomiting. This is a developmental defect possibly a
   delayed maturation of the esophageal nueromuscular system. Mild cases
   in young dogs can improve with careful feeding."
   
  CUTANEOUS MUCINOSIS
  
   "Mucin is the substance in the Shar-Pei skin that causes all the
   wrinkling. It is clear and stringy and acts like glue in fight
   wounds." Some Shar-Pei have an excess of Mucin causing it to form
   clear bubbles on the skin that may rupture and ooze. May be associated
   with possible allergies and can be treated by a alternate day steriod
   therapy.
   
  TORSION/BLOAT
  
   Is common in Shar-Pei and may be related to the "underlying systemic
   amyloidosis." Can also be caused by the way you roll your dog.
   
  CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
  
   Often complicated by food allergies and or Chronic stress diarrhea.
   Usually responds to a strict hypoallergenic diet.
     _________________________________________________________________
   
Diet

   Food allergies may cause skin and stomach diseases. Some Shar-Pei are
   now allergic to lamb or rice. This breed should have a strict diet,
   one that is low in protien, approximately (16-21%) or lower. This
   should be considered for all adult Shar-Pei as well as those that have
   experienced fevers, because of the breed's potential to suffer from an
   abnormal amount of amyloid protien due to Swollen Hock Syndrome.
     _________________________________________________________________
   
Grooming

   The Shar-Pei requires minimal maintenance. Brushing with a good
   bristle brush every other day keeps its unique coat in excellent
   condition. Bathing may occur occasionally using warm water and a good
   shampoo recommended by a vet. The nails of a Shar-Pei grow fast so
   frequent clipping is in order. Because of their thick lips, you may
   need to clean the inside of their mouth after eating so that food is
   not trapped in the lip folds, which creates a rancid odor. Use gauze
   to clean the lips and then apply cornstarch to dry the lips. The ears,
   feet, anus and the whole body in general should be inspected
   frequently to have a happy, healthy Shar-Pei.
   
   Because the Shar-Pei has such a loose, wrinkly skin, especially when
   younger, you need to take care to make sure the skin within the folds
   is clean and healthy. You need to inspect your dog's skin frequently
   to catch any incipient problems. Shar-Pei's can be especially prone to
   skin problems and allergies and the sooner you spot a potential
   problem and bring it to your veterinarian's attention the easier it
   should be to alleviate the condition. Pay special attention to your
   pet's skin if your dog appears to have fleas, be unusually itchy, or
   you can smell any unusual odors about your dog.
     _________________________________________________________________
   
Breeders

   Contact your local kennel club or the parent clubs listed below for a
   list of breeders in your area.
     _________________________________________________________________
   
Clubs

   The American Kennel Club
          5580 Centerview Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606.
          Publication; American Kennel Gazette
          
   The Canadian Kennel Club
          100-89 Skyway Avenue, Etobicoke, Ont. M9W 6R4.
          Publication; Dogs in Canada
          
   Chinese Shar-Pei Club of America
          Shirley Rafferty, P.O. Box 458, Eagle Creek, Oregon, 97022.
          Publication; The Barker
          
   Chinese Shar-Pei Club of Canada
          Robin Schaufler, 186 Ormond Drive, Oshawa, Ont. L1G 6T5. (905)
          723 1595
          Publication; The Persun
          
   Alberta Shar-Pei Association
          Bill Chisholm, Box 2387, Medley, AB. T0A 2M0.
          Canada
          shar-pei@agt.net
          
   Shar-Pei Club of Great Britain
          Ann Wnyard, Sedgerbrook House, Home Farm, Pitsford Road, Chapel
          Brampton, Nr Northants NN6,
          Publication: The Wrinkle
          
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
Rescue

   
          
   Oregon, California, and Washington, USA
          Diane Gil, (801) 798-3786
          
   Unionville, CAN.
          Andrea Robbins, (905) 887-5964
          
   SE. Michigan, USA
          Amy Cox (313) 697-1137
          
   Lancaster, PA., USA
          Deb Sylvia, (717) 898-8049
          Dawn Hertzog, (717) 397-6362
          
   Chicago, Illinois, USA
          "RASP", Rescue A Shar-Pei
          Deborah J. Cooper, (708)-848-2226
          <dcooper@frontenac.com>
          
   
   
   National Capital Chinese Shar-Pei Club and The Mid-Atlantic Chinese
   Shar-Pei Rescue League rescues abused and abandoned Shar-Pei's. Please
   e-mail Joyce Hanes: <Momofmai@aol.com > or phone (301)-881-1221 for
   information.
   
   For a rescue closer to you contact the Shar-Pei club in your area or
   your local kennel club.
     _________________________________________________________________
   
Suggested Readings

   Chinese Shar-Pei, The - Debo.
   
   Chinese Shar-Pei, World of The - Nicholas.
   
   Shar-Pei, Book of The - Brearley.
   
   Chinese Shar-Pei, Understanding The - Redditt.
   
   Chinese Shar-Pei, An Owner's Guide to a Happy Healthy Pet - Redditt.
   
   Puppy Book, The Chinese Shar-Pei - Redditt.
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
References

   References used for this FAQ include:
   
       
       Nicholas, Anna Katherine. Chinese Shar-Pei. New Jersey: T.F.H.
       Publications. 1990.
       
       Paulus, Elly. "China Dog." Dog Fancy. Jan. 1995: 44-45.
       
       Weathers Debo, Ellen. The Chinese Shar-Pei. New Jersey: T.F.H.
       Publications. 1986.
       
       Tintle, Linda DR. DVM. "Familial Shar-Pei Fever, Swollen Hock
       Syndrome and Familial Amyloidosis of Chinese Shar-Pei Dogs: a
       recently described syndrome of dysregulation." The Barker.
       July/Aug. 1994.
       
       Tintle, Linda DR. DVM. "Chinese Shar-Pei a Guide for The
       Veterinarian." March. 1994
       
       American Kennel Club Inc. The Complete Dog Book. 18th ed. New
       York: Howell, 1992.
       
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
    Chinese Shar-Pei FAQ
    Heidi Merkli, heidi@emn.ocunix.on.ca
    Have you hugged your Pei today?
