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                                   Papillons
                                       
Author

   This is the second draft edition of the Papillon FAQ. Many thanks to
   those who provided encouragement and additional information. I am
   especially grateful to Shirley V armette, Sue James, Ed and Diana
   Fuchs, Tracy Burdick, Cindy Tittle Moore, and the Papillon-List and
   SmlDog-L participants for their contributions. Any errors are both
   unintentiona l and mine. Next revision is planned for summer 1997.
   Suggestions, additions, corrections can be sent to me anytime at:
   bmiller@bsu.idbsu.edu. All rights reserved. However permission is
   expressly provided for rescue groups and animal shelters to make
   copies for educational purposes, as long as the copyright statement is
   app ended.
   
   Copyright 1996 by Beverly Miller
   
Table of Contents

     * History
     * Papillons Today
     * Characteristics
     * Health Considerations
     * Acquiring a Pet Papillon
     * AKC Standard
     * Information Sources
          + Books
          + Articles
          + Periodicals
          + Gifts
          + Clubs
          + Rescue Contacts
          + Online Resources
         _____________________________________________________________
                                        
History

       Papillons (pah-pee-yowns) descend from the Royal Toy Spaniels of
       Europe. Although the breed's origins are subject to debate (Italy,
       Belgium, France and Spain are the leading contenders, but a few
       argue for Asia or Latin America), the little spaniels were
       well-established as continental court favorites by the
       Renaissance. They appear in European art as early as the 1300's,
       and portraits by many of the Grand Masters (e.g. Rubens, Watteau,
       Fragonard, and Boucher) often include a Papillon or two. Madame
       Pompadour and Marie Antoinette of France, Queen Sophia Dorothea of
       Germany, and Queen Ann of Austria are among the aristocratic
       ladies that allegedly owned Papillons. However, royal men also
       doted on these elegant little dogs: France's King Henry III is
       said to have carried his to court in a basket!
       Papillons have not always been called Papillons. Over the years,
       they have been known as Epagneuls Nains, Dwarf or Continental
       Spaniels, Little Squirrel Dogs or Belgian Toy Spaniels. Throughout
       most of their history Papillons had drop ears, making their
       Spaniel ancestry more obvious. The erect eared Papillon now
       popular in the United States seems to be a mutation dating from
       the late 1800's. In some European countries, the name Papillon
       (French for "butterfly") is reserved for this erect-eared dog,
       while the earlier variety, the drop-eared Phalene ("night moth")
       is regarded as a separate breed. In the U.S. and U.K., however,
       the two are considered varieties of the same breed, and are shown
       together.
       Another relatively recent change has to do with color. Early
       Papillons were often solid-colored. Today they are predominantly
       white (parti-colored) dogs with colored markings. The AKC
       registers Paps as white and black, white and lemon, white and red,
       white and sable, or tri-color (white, black and tan). Other
       once-common colors such as liver are now seldom in evidence.
       Despite their great popularity among the landed and titled of
       Europe, English-speaking peoples were slow to embrace the
       Papillon. They were introduced to Britain around 1905. However,
       the Papillon that would become the first English champion was not
       born until 1922, and it would be two more years before British
       fanciers formed the Papillon (Butterfly Dog) Club. The breed was
       also shown in the U.S. for some years before the Papillon Club of
       America (PCA) was founded in 1935. Here progress was even more
       delayed. PCA held its first specialty show in 1936, but the club
       subsequently faltered. Although it was reactivated in 1948, the
       second specialty was not held until 1954.
         _____________________________________________________________
                                        
Papillons Today

       Papillons continue to be among the less popular breeds in North
       America. In the U.S. however, Pap production has recently
       increased, in contrast to American purebreds overall. Individual
       registrations for the most recent year (1995) totaled 2,592,
       putting Papillons 52nd among AKC-recognized breeds. In 1994,
       Papillons ranked 53rd, with 2,707 individual registrations. In
       1993, they ranked 56th, with 2,594 individuals registered; and in
       1992, Paps were #57 with 2,400. Current AKC litter registration
       data suggest that Pap popularity will continue to rise modestly,
       particularly after Ch. Loteki Supernatural Being won the Toy Group
       (and many hearts) at the nationally-televised Westminster Kennel
       Club show this past February, with the judge declaring him
       runner-up for Best In Show. Another Papillon, Tussalud Story
       Teller, won the Toy Group at England's prestigious Crufts Show
       this spring.
       In addition to being relatively rare (or perhaps because of it),
       the Papillon population is unevenly distributed around the U.S.,
       with Pap breeders clustered in urban areas (especially in the
       East) and pockets of enthusiasts in other regions. This, along
       with the Pap's dainty appearance, diminutive size, and great
       trainability, probably accounts for their reputation as an ideal
       city dog. However, many regard the Pap as a "big dog in a small
       dog's body." Papillons compete successfully with the larger dogs
       in obedience, agility, tracking and even herding. They are the
       top-ranked of all toy breeds in several sports, and Ch. and OTCH
       Loteki Sudden Impulse, UDX, TDX, MX has the distinction of being
       the most AKC-titled dog of any breed [CH=Champion; OTCH=Obedience
       Trial Champion; UDX=Utility Dog Excellent, the highest obedience
       title currently offered; TDX=Tracking Dog Excellent, the highest
       tracking title currently offered; MX= Master Agility Excellent,
       the highest Agility title currently offered]. Paps are also often
       trained to work as therapy dogs.
       One result of the Pap's relative scarcity is that while some parts
       of the country offer a lively Pap scene--with specialty clubs and
       many activities---in other areas, show entries may be
       disappointing and the selection of breeders from which to chose
       extremely limited. There are some sections of the U.S. in which
       there are no Pap breeders for hundreds of miles in any direction.
       As a result, some have suggested, regional interpretations of the
       Papillon Standard have evolved. In some parts of the U.S., larger
       Papillons (i.e. closer to the maximum of 12") are popular in the
       show ring, but these bigger Paps are said to be penalized by
       judges elsewhere. This could pose a particular challenge for the
       uninitiated person in search of show or breeding stock. Anyone
       with such ambitions needs to invest many months studying the
       breed, becoming acquainted with the Paps from various lines, and
       learning from experienced breeders.
         _____________________________________________________________
                                        
Characteristics

       The Papillon is a small, fine-boned dog that competes in AKC's Toy
       Group. The average show Pap stands between 8-11" tall at the
       shoulder, and weighs 3-9 lbs. However, pet Papillons may be
       smaller or larger than this show ideal. This in no way affects
       their temperament or value as a companion.
       Papillons have much to recommend them as pets. Because of their
       size, they are easily managed. Their soft, glossy coats require
       little grooming, save regular attention to ear fringe. As they are
       not double-coated, there is no big seasonal shed. Paps typically
       donot suffer from doggie odor. They adapt equally well to close
       quarters and country life. While they are indoors dogs without
       substantial exercise requirements, Paps enjoy the outdoors, and
       fancy themselves great hunters of birds, squirrels, spiders, even
       butterflies! Some are also mousers. Paps usually travel well, and
       because their crates fit neatly under airplane seats, they are
       often spared the trials of the cargo hold.
       Most Papillons are outgoing happy dogs who love to meet people,
       sit in laps, and give "kisses". They do not have a reputation for
       being high-strung, nervous or fearf ul. They generally show great
       enthusiasm for children, cats, and other dogs, if they are raised
       wi th them. However, Paps may be possessive and bossy with other
       (sometimes larger) dogs, and a Pap in motion may even appear as
       prey to some dogs. Responsible owners will always remain alert t o
       the problems inherent in such situations. Many Paps seem not to
       realize that they are vulnerable because of their size. They are
       great jumpers, and puppies particularly must be prevented from
       trying to leap tall buildings. Paps also must be protected from
       rough handling by children, and an active Pap pup can easily
       escape a youngster's arms and land in a way that could break a leg
       or worse. For these reasons, some breeders are reluctant to place
       their pups in homes where children may be too young to appreciate
       the fragility of a tiny pup.
       Papillons are attractive, amusing, and merry companions, and with
       their keen intelligence and desire to please, they can be readily
       trained to household routines. Some Paps like to bark, and as with
       other small breeds, house-training may take longer than for a
       larger dog. Obedience training is recommended for all pet Paps, as
       it can be invaluable in overcoming any stubbornness and in
       counteracting the natural tendency to spoil such a charming family
       member. Because of the sizes and types of dogs found in some dog
       training classes, small dog owners may be reluctant to involve
       their pets in such activities. Ask your breeder, veterinarian or
       dog club for references to responsible trainers, and visit several
       to watch them work. You are looking for an experienced person who
       uses positive reinforcement to train, and does not permit
       out-of-control dogs in their classes. You can also train privately
       (in individual classes) or at home. Books on dog obedience written
       by knowledgeable Pap people are listed in the bibliography section
       below.
       New Papillon owners need to carefully review the security of their
       premises. No matter how snug fencing appears to be, there are
       often small spaces between fencing and posts, gates and buildings,
       or under the fence, through which an active and curious pup may be
       tempted to seek adventure.
         _____________________________________________________________
                                        
Health considerationsPapillons are known as a healthy and long-lived breed.
Most remain active and youthful well into their teens. Although they have few
hereditary/congenital diseases, problems common to small dogs (such as patellar
luxation, "open" fontanels, and bite or palate defects) do occur. PRA
(Progressive Retinal Atrophy), a hereditary eye disease that affects many
breeds, has recently been found in Paps. Conscientious breeders now have their
breeding stock tested for PRA, and registered with CERF (the Canine Eye
Research Foundation). The Papillon Club of America has received much positive
recognition for its efforts at halting this problem while it is still rare in
the breed.

Papillons are among the more anesthetic-sensitive breeds, and owners should
always discuss this with their veterinarians before scheduling surgery or
dental procedures. Use of the newer safer (albeit more expensive) anesthetics
such as isoflurane is strongly recomm ended.
  __________________________________________________________________________
                                       
Acquiring a Pet PapillonThe uneven distribution of Papillon breeders can
present major challenges for those who want to acquire a pet puppy. In areas
where demand exceeds supply, and particularly in those parts of the country
where there are no Pap breeders, pet prospects can be few and far between.
However, some breeders will ship puppies to new homes in adjacent states
(expenses always borne by the buyer). This process is often facilitated by use
of videotapes to show off the puppy, its litter mates, sire, dam, and even the
breeder and their home or kennel. The breeder lists published by national or
regional breed clubs are generally the best avenue to locating a responsible
breeder. Many breeders also participate in the E-mail Papillon List on the
internet, and if you join, you will find many helpful folks who can often refer
you. (Papillon Club of America and Papillon-List addresses are listed below).
Other sources include referrals by local AKC- affiliated all-breed or obedience
dog clubs, and the classified sections of fanciers' magazines such as the AKC
Gazette. There are also some breeders now listed on the internet (see the
section below on Online Resources). Remember that all advertising is
promotional in nature, and a truly dedicated breeder will be delighted, not
offended, if you ask for references (names of others to whom s/he has sold
pets).

The wise pet-buyer will concentrate on getting a healthy, happy dog with a
temperament suitable for their situation. Try to remain flexible regarding
size, sex, color, and even age. Finding the right match is much more important.
Don't be impatient. Many Pap breeders have long waiting lists, and the dog of
your dreams won't be on your doorstep next week. Serious, seasoned breeders
(you don't want to deal with any other kind) will ask many questions, and
expect to see references from you before agreeing to part with one of their
dogs. Informed consumers will not be offended, knowing the breeder to truly
avoid is the one only interested in making a sale!

Pet Papillons should always be spayed or neutered. Having pets "fixed" while
young provides many health benefits, and results in lower vet bills and longer
lives. The behavior and convenience advantages of spaying/neutering are also
well-known. Moreover, there are unusual risks, responsibilities, and expenses
involved in breeding toy dogs. This is a job better left to those who really
know what they're doing!

No matter how badly you want a Papillon, or how scarce they are in your area,
do not purchase one from a pet shop, commercial kennel, or supplier. The little
dogs these businesses deal in have typically been bred and raised under
deplorable conditions on commercial puppy farms. The pup in the pet-shop window
has been taken from its dam too young, so that it can be shipped cross-country
and put on display at its most appealing age. Such a pup cannot have been
properly socialized and its sire and dam have likely never been seen by a vet.
They certainly have never been tested for PRA or other problems, and are too
often depleted by constant breeding. The pups may not only be incubating
infectious diseases, and subject to lifelong stress-related disorders, but
carrying genes for one or more of the hereditary defects to which our modern
dogs are prone. "Rescuing" such a pup by buying it only perpetuates the cycle.
You would be far better off getting a pup of your second choice breed from a
reputable breeder, who will be there to provide counsel, support and assistance
throughout the life of the dog, than to invite heartbreak and huge bills later
on.
  __________________________________________________________________________
                                       
AKC StandardThe Standard is the physical "blueprint" of the breed. It describes
the physical appearance and other desired qualities of the breed otherwise
known as type. Some characteristics, such as size, coat quality, and movement,
are based on the original (or current) function for the dog. Other
characteristics are more cosmetic such as eye color; but taken together they
set this breed apart from all others. The Standard describes an ideal
representative of the breed. No individual dog is perfect, but the Standard
provides an ideal for the breeder to strive for.

The various national/international dog organizations (AKC, the Kennel Club (of
England), Canadian Kennel Club, etc) maintain a written Standard for each
officially recognized breed. Standards for any given breed will vary somewhat
from one organization to the next. Copies of the standards may be found in the
publications listed below, or from the club in question. AKC Standards are
accessible from the AKC homepage. URL is http://www.akc.org/
  __________________________________________________________________________
                                       
Information Sources

  Books
  
  Avebury, Diana. _Zelda and the Corgis_. UK: Piccadilly Press, 1964. The
adventures of Zelda Papillon and her three companions in London.

  Christiansen, Runa. _Papillon_. Copenhagen: Clausen Boger, 1976.

  Cecil, Barbara D. and Gerianne Darnell. _Competitive Obedience Training for
the Small Dog_. Council Bluffs IA: T9E Publishing, 1994. Highly-recommended
obedience book by two prominent Pap trainers.

  Gauss, Mrs. D. Christian. _How to Raise and Train a Papillon_. 1964.

  Gauss, Mrs. D. Christian. _The Papillon_. Neptune City NJ: TFH Publications,
1991. TFH books are intended for sale in pet stores. Although they contain
interesting breed histories and are attractively illustrated, books in this
series often weave advertisements for name-brand pet supplies into the text,
and sometimes offer questionable advice about breeding your pet and/or buying
pups from pet shops, practices which are not endorsed by dog clubs, responsible
fanciers, or the author of this FAQ.

  "Herself" Gertrude. 1974.

  Hill, Lore. _Pap Sketchbook_ 1986? Collector's item, now out of print.

  Hill, Lore. _Pap Agility Rulebook_ 1996. Available from the author/artist.
Delightfully illustrated tongue-in-cheek "rule book" for creative Papillons
(Aren't they all?) Write Lore Hill at 3209 SE 33rd Ct, Ocala FL 34471

  Houtart, Albert. _Les Epagneuls nains Continentaux_. Brussells: Chasse &
Peche, 1925.

  Millot, Albert. _L'Epagneul Nain Continental_. France, 1974.

  Newton, Virginia. _Papillon Primer_. Papillon Club of America, 1985. Highly
recommended introduction for the first-time pet-owner.

  Papillon Club of America. Publishes "Papillons," an introductory brochure,
the _Pap Talk Scrapbook_, and the _Papillon Handbook_. For pricing/availability
information about these, or the Newton book listed above, write to PCA's
Corresponding Secretary at the address listed under Clubs below.

  Radermacher, Mrs. I.E. _The Papillon_. [U.K.] 1985.

  Roberts, Peggy and Bob Russell. _The Papillon_. U.K. , 1959.

  Roe, Carolyn and David. _The Compete Papillon_. Howell House, 1992. 160p.

  Rouck, Mme R. G. _Historique de la race Epagneul Nain Continental_. 1970.

  Russell, Bob & Peggy. _The Papillon_. Dog Lovers Series. Nicholson & Watson,
1959.

  Swann, Gwen. _Papillons and Other Friends_. UK. Published by the author,
1992. 186p.

  Tamm, Suzanne. _Papillon oche Phalene_. Sweden, 1978.

  Waud, Clarice & Pat Challis. _Butterfly Dog: Papillon & Phalene_. 2nd ed,
rev. Reprint of 1976 ed. Kathleen Rais & Co, 92p.

  Waud, Clarice & Mark Hutchings. _Papillon Butterfly Dog_. Nimrod Book Service
(U.K.), 1985; Kathleen Rais & Co, 1986.

  Articles
  
  Cecil, Barbara. "Papillon TDX-ceptional: Well-practiced Reina seeks the
challenge." _AKC Gazette_ 106 #3 (February 1989), p. 68+.

  Cecil, Barbara. "TDX-ceptional II: How a Petite Papillon Beat Horses, Heat,
and the Odds to Earn her TDX and Join her Like-titled Mother." _AKC Gazette_
110 #9 (September 1993), p. 56+.

  Franklin, R.J. M. et al. "Neuroaxonal Dystrophy in a Litter of Papillon
Dogs." _Journal of Small Animal Practice_ v. 36 #10 (October 1995), p. 441+.

  Hakanson, Nils and Kristina Narfstrom. "Progressive Retinal Atrophy in
Papillons in Sweden: a Clinical Survey." _Veterinary and Comparative
Opthamology_ 5 #2 (1995) pp. 83-87.

  Newton, Virginia. "Color in Japanese Chin and Papillons." _Dog World_
September 1983. [This cite came from the AKC Gazette but is apparently
incorrect. Does anyone have correct citation?]

  Palika, Liz. "Dog or Butterfly?" _Dog Fancy_, May 1991, 48-55.

  Pflaumer, Sharon. Breed Spotllight: "Dogdom's Aflutter Over the Butterfly
Dog: the Personable Papillon." _Dog World_ 80 #8 (August 1995), 12-18.

  Periodicals and Annuals
  
    _All Ears_, published by Papillon Canada. For more info contact: Janet
  Busch, P.O. Box 97566, 364 Old Kingston Rd, Highland Creek, Ontario M1C (416)
  282-8284.
  
    _Australian Papillon Handbook_. For back issues contact, Mrs. Jean Rimmer,
  P.O. Box 147, Riverstone NSW 2765 Australia.
  
    _Papillon Annual_, v. 1(1993)-date. Published annually with a deadline of
  May 15, by Hoflin Publishing Ltd, 4401 Zephyr St, Wheat Ridge CO 80033-3299
  Back issues are sometimes available.
  
    _Pap Talk_, published by the Papillon Club of America for its members only.
  No subscriptions allowed. Gifts
  
    Prints, note cards, & stationery featuring charming black-and-white
  sketches of Papillons. For information, write: Dr. Dorothea Robinson, DVM;
  Mickthea Kennels, 103 Walton Drive, College Station TX 77840.
  
    Note cards featuring entertaining sketches of Papillons. For information,
  write: I Just Can't Find the Right Card Company, Nina Bullock, 6851 Briar
  Rose Trail, Littleton CO 80125.
  
    Stationery, prints, handpainted plates and portraits featuring Paps. For
  information, write: Jill Riley, 5984 Plateau, Felton CA 80110.
  
    Limited edition Papillon sculptures, stationery, note cards, and prints.
  For information, write: Nancy Miller Pinke, 16506 Whitewood Ave, Prior Lake
  MN 55372. Clubs_Papillon Club of America_
  Corresponding Secretary:
  Janice Dougherty
  551 Birch Hill Rd
  Shoemakersville, PA 19555
  Phone: 610 -926-5581
  Papillon Canada
  Recording Secretary
  Janet Busch
  P.O. Box 97566
  364 Old Kingston Rd
  Highland Creek Ontario M1C
  Phone: (416) 282-8284
  There are regional Papillon Clubs in several parts of the U.S., including the
  Alamo Papillon Society (TAPS); Greater Chicagoland Papillon Club (GCPC):
  Greater Delaware Papillon Club; Metropolitan Area Papillon Club of
  Washington, DC.; Papillon Club of Hawaii; Papillon Club of Northern
  California; Papillon Club of Southern California; Patriot Papillon Club (New
  England) and Papillon Association of Puget Sound (PAPS). To contact offficers
  and members of these clubs, sign on to the Papillon-L (directions below) or
  contact me and I will ask someone to get in touch with you.
  
    For a list of Australian Papillon Clubs, see
  http://www.petnet.com/au/dogs/D156.html Rescue Contact_PCA Benevolent/Rescue
  Fund_
  National Chair
  Ed & Diana Fuchs
  Rte 7 Box 5310
  Quincy FL 32351
  Email: efuchs@gcn.scri.fsu.edu
  Fax: 904-875-3647
  Phone: 904-875-1422
  Online Resources Papillon List:
  Kim Andresen's Papillon list provides a lively, informative internet
  discussion forum for owners, prospective owners, fanciers, and breeders of
  Papillons. To join, email to:
  
     listserv@apple.ease.lsoft.com
     
  Leave the subject line blank, and in the body of the message, put:
  
     Subscribe Papillon-L first-name last-name
     
  Further instructions/information will follow.
  
  The listowner can be contacted by emailing to:
  papillon-L-request@apple.ease.lsoft.com
    ________________________________________________________________________
                                        
  
    Papillon FAQ
    Beverly Miller, bmiller@bsu.idbsu.edu
